MaOptocouplers, anobatanidza macircuit achishandisa ma optical signals senzira, chinhu chinoshanda munzvimbo dzine kunyatsojeka kwakanyanya, senge acoustics, mishonga nemaindasitiri, nekuda kwekushanda kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana uye kuvimbika, senge kugara kwenguva refu uye kudzivirira kupisa.
Asi optocoupler inoshanda rini uye mumamiriro api ezvinhu, uye chii chiri shure kwayo? Kana kuti paunonyatsoshandisa photocoupler mubasa rako remagetsi, ungasaziva kuti ungasarudza sei uye ungaishandisa sei. Nekuti optocoupler inowanzovhiringidzwa ne "phototransistor" uye "photodiode". Saka, chii chinonzi photocoupler chichataurwa munyaya ino.
Chii chinonzi photocoupler?
Optocoupler chikamu chemagetsi chine ruzivo rwe optical
coupler, zvinoreva "kubatana nechiedza." Dzimwe nguva inozivikanwawo se optocoupler, optical isolator, optical insulation, nezvimwewo. Inosanganisira chinhu chinoburitsa chiedza uye chinhu chinogamuchira chiedza, uye inobatanidza circuit yekupinda necircuit yekupinda nechikamu chekunze kuburikidza nechiratidzo che optical. Hapana kubatana kwemagetsi pakati pemacircuit aya, nemamwe mazwi, mumamiriro ekudzivirira. Naizvozvo, kubatana kwedunhu pakati pechinhu chinopinza nechinhu chinobuda kwakaparadzana uye chiratidzo chete ndicho chinotumirwa. Batanidza macircuit akachengeteka ane mazinga akasiyana emagetsi ekupinda neanobuda, ne high voltage insulation pakati pechinhu chinopinza neanobuda.
Pamusoro pezvo, nekutumira kana kuvharira chiratidzo ichi chechiedza, chinoshanda sechinochinja. Nheyo yakadzama uye mashandiro acho zvichatsanangurwa gare gare, asi chinhu chinoburitsa chiedza che photocoupler i LED (light emitting diode).
Kubva kuma1960 kusvika kuma1970, apo maLed akagadzirwa uye kufambira mberi kwawo kwetekinoroji kwaive kwakakosha,zvigadzirwa zvemagetsiyakava budiriro huru. Panguva iyoyo, zvakasiyana-siyanazvishandiso zvemazisoZvakagadzirwa, uye muchina wekubatanidza ma "photoelectric coupler" waiva mumwe wavo. Zvadaro, michina ye "optoelectronics" yakakurumidza kupinda muhupenyu hwedu.
① Nheyo/maitiro
Nheyo ye optocoupler ndeyekuti chinhu chinoburitsa chiedza chinoshandura chiratidzo chemagetsi chinopinza kuita chiedza, uye chinhu chinogamuchira chiedza chinotumira chiratidzo chemagetsi chinodzosera chiedza kudunhu rekunze rinoburitsa chiedza. Chinhu chinoburitsa chiedza nechinhu chinogamuchira chiedza zviri mukati mebhuroko rechiedza chekunze, uye zviviri izvi zvakatarisana kuti zvitumire chiedza.
Semiconductor inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvinoburitsa chiedza iLED (light-emitting diode). Kune rumwe rutivi, kune mhando dzakawanda dzema semiconductor anoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvinogamuchira chiedza, zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekushandisa, saizi yekunze, mutengo, nezvimwewo, asi kazhinji, inonyanya kushandiswa iphototransistor.
Kana zvisiri kushanda, ma phototransistors ane mashoma emagetsi anoshandiswa nema semiconductor akajairwa. Kana chiedza chikaitika ipapo, phototransistor inogadzira simba remagetsi pamusoro peP-type semiconductor neN-type semiconductor, maburi ari muN-type semiconductor anoyerera achipinda mup region, free electron semiconductor iri mup region inoyerera ichipinda mun region, uye magetsi anoyerera.
Maphototransistors haashande zvakanaka semaphotodiode, asi ane simba rekuwedzera simba remagetsi kusvika kumazana kusvika ka1000 pane chiratidzo chekupinda (nekuda kwesimba remagetsi remukati). Saka, anonzwa zvakakwana kuti agone kusimudza masaini asina simba, izvo zvinobatsira.
Kutaura zvazviri, "chiedza chinovhara" chatinoona chishandiso chemagetsi chine musimboti uye mashandiro akafanana.
Zvisinei, zvinhu zvinokanganisa chiedza zvinowanzo shandiswa semasensa uye zvinoita basa razvo nekupfuudza chinhu chinovhara chiedza pakati pechinhu chinoburitsa chiedza nechinhu chinogamuchira chiedza. Semuenzaniso, zvinogona kushandiswa kuona mari nemari yepepa mumichina yekutengesa neATM.
② Zvinhu Zvinokosha
Sezvo optocoupler ichitumira masaini kuburikidza nechiedza, kuvharwa kwemagetsi pakati pedivi rekupinda nedivi rekubudisa chinhu chikuru. Kuvharwa kwakanyanya hakukanganisike nyore nyore neruzha, asi kunodzivirirawo kufamba kwemagetsi netsaona pakati pemasekete ari pedyo, izvo zvinoshanda zvakanyanya panyaya dzekuchengetedza. Uye chimiro chacho pachacho chiri nyore uye chine musoro.
Nekuda kwenhoroondo yayo refu, mhando yezvigadzirwa zvakawanda zvevagadziri vakasiyana-siyana zvakare mukana wakasiyana we optocouplers. Nekuti hapana kusangana kwemuviri, kusakara pakati pezvikamu kudiki, uye hupenyu hwayo hwakareba. Kune rumwe rutivi, kunewo hunhu hwekuti kushanda kwechiedza kuri nyore kuchinja, nekuti LED ichadzikira zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwenguva uye shanduko dzetembiricha.
Kunyanya kana chikamu chemukati chepurasitiki inopenya kwenguva yakareba chikava nemakore, hachigone kuva nechiedza chakanaka. Zvisinei, chero zvakadaro, hupenyu hwacho hwakareba zvakanyanya kana tichienzanisa nekubatana kwekubatana kwemuchina.
Maphototransistors anowanzo nonoka kupfuura maphotodiode, saka haashandiswi pakutaurirana nekukurumidza. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kuipa, sezvo zvimwe zvikamu zvine ma amplification circuits kudivi rekubuda kuti zviwedzere kumhanya. Kutaura zvazviri, haasi ese ma electronic circuits anofanirwa kuwedzera kumhanya.
③ Kushandiswa
Zvinobatanidza zve Photoelectricdzinonyanya kushandiswa pakushanda kwekuchinja. Dunhu racho rinowedzerwa simba nekubatidza switch, asi kubva pakuona kwehunhu hwataurwa pamusoro apa, kunyanya insulation uye hupenyu hurefu, rinonyatsokodzera mamiriro ezvinhu anoda kuvimbika kwakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, ruzha muvengi wemagetsi ekurapa nemidziyo yeaudio/midziyo yekutaurirana.
Inoshandiswawo mumasisitimu ekufambisa mota. Chikonzero chemota ndechekuti kumhanya kwayo kunodzorwa neinverter painofambiswa, asi inogadzira ruzha nekuda kwesimba rayo guru. Ruzha urwu haruzongokonzere kuti mota pachayo ikundikane chete, asiwo runoyerera nepakati pe "pasi" zvichikanganisa ma peripherals. Kunyanya, michina ine waya refu iri nyore kugamuchira ruzha urwu rukuru, saka kana zvikaitika mufekitori, zvinokonzera kurasikirwa kukuru uye dzimwe nguva zvinokonzera tsaona dzakakomba. Nekushandisa ma optocouplers anodzivirira zvakanyanya pakuchinja, kukanganisa kune mamwe macircuit nemidziyo kunogona kuderedzwa.
Chechipiri, masarudzo nekushandisa ma optocouplers
Mashandisiro angaita optocoupler yakakodzera pakugadzira chigadzirwa? Mainjiniya ekugadzira microcontroller anotevera achatsanangura mashandisiro ekusarudza nekushandisa optocouplers.
① Gara wakavhurika uye gara wakavhara
Kune mhando mbiri dzema photocouplers: rudzi rwekuti switch inodzimwa (inodzimwa) kana pasina voltage inoshandiswa, rudzi rwekuti switch inobatidzwa (inodzimwa) kana voltage yashandiswa, uye rudzi rwekuti switch inobatidzwa kana pasina voltage. Isa wodzima kana voltage yashandiswa.
Yekutanga inonzi inowanzo vhurwa, uye yekupedzisira inonzi inowanzo vharwa. Maitiro ekusarudza, kutanga zvinoenderana nerudzi rwedunhu raunoda.
② Tarisa magetsi anobuda uye voltage inoshandiswa
Maphotocouplers ane hunhu hwekuwedzera chiratidzo, asi haapfuuri nemagetsi nemagetsi nguva dzose paanenge achida. Ehe, ane chiyero, asi magetsi anofanira kuiswa kubva kudivi rekupinda zvichienderana nemagetsi anodiwa.
Kana tikatarisa papepa reruzivo rwechigadzirwa, tinogona kuona chati apo vertical axis ndiyo output current (collector current) uye horizontal axis ndiyo input voltage (collector-emitter voltage). Collector current inosiyana zvichienderana ne LED light intensity, saka isa voltage zvichienderana ne output current yaunoda.
Zvisinei, ungafunga kuti simba remagetsi rinobuda pano diki zvinoshamisa. Iri ndiro simba remagetsi rinogona kubuda zvakanaka mushure mekufunga nezvekuora kwe LED nekufamba kwenguva, saka riri pasi pehuwandu hwepamusoro.
Pane kudaro, pane dzimwe nguva apo simba rekubuda harisi guru. Saka, pakusarudza optocoupler, iva nechokwadi chekutarisa "simba rekubuda" nokungwarira uye sarudza chigadzirwa chinoenderana naro.
③ Kuwanda kwemagetsi
Kuwanda kwemagetsi ekufambisa magetsi ndiko kukosha kwemagetsi kunogona kutsungirira optocoupler painoita basa. Zvakare, tinofanira kuva nechokwadi chekuti tinoziva kuti purojekiti inoda kubuda zvakadii uye kuti voltage yekupinda iri papi tisati tatenga. Ita shuwa kuti kukosha kwemagetsi ekufambisa magetsi nemagetsi anoshandiswa hazvisi miganhu, asi kuti pane mukana.
④ Gadza photocoupler nemazvo
Kana tasarudza optocoupler chaiyo, ngatiishandisei mupurojekiti chaiyo. Kuisa kwayo kuri nyore, ingobatanidza materminals akabatana necircuit yega yega yekupinda necircuit yekupinda. Zvisinei, chenjererai kuti musakanganisa divi rekupinda nedivi rekupinda. Saka, munofanirawo kutarisa zviratidzo zviri mutafura yedata, kuitira kuti musazowana kuti tsoka yekubatanidza ye photoelectric haina kunaka mushure mekudhirowa PCB board.
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-29-2023