Optocouplers, anobatanidza masekete achishandisa masaini masaini sepakati, chinhu chinoshanda munzvimbo dzinonyanya kukosha, senge acoustics, mushonga uye indasitiri, nekuda kwekuita kwavo kwakasiyana-siyana uye kuvimbika, sekusimba uye kusungirira.
Asi riini uye pasi pemamiriro api anoita iyo optocoupler inoshanda, uye ndeipi musimboti uri shure kwayo?Kana kana iwe uchinyatso shandisa iyo photocoupler mubasa rako remagetsi, unogona kusaziva kusarudza nekuishandisa.Nokuti optocoupler inowanzovhiringidzika ne "phototransistor" uye "photodiode".Naizvozvo, chii chinonzi photocoupler chichaunzwa munyaya ino.
Chii chinonzi photocoupler?
Iyo optocoupler chinhu chemagetsi icho etymology iri optical
coupler, zvinoreva “kubatana nechiedza.”Dzimwe nguva inozivikanwawo se optocoupler, optical isolator, optical insulation, etc. Inosanganisira chiedza chinobudisa chinhu uye chiedza chinogashira chinhu, uye chinobatanidza kupinza rutivi rwedunhu uye kubuda rutivi rwedunhu kuburikidza nechiratidzo chemaziso.Iko hakuna magetsi ekubatanidza pakati pemaseketi aya, nemamwe mazwi, mumamiriro ekudzivirira.Naizvozvo, dunhu rekubatanidza pakati pekupinda nekubuda rakaparadzana uye chiratidzo chete chinofambiswa.Batanidza zvakachengeteka maseketi ane akasiyana zvakanyanya ekuisa uye kubuda voltage mazinga, ane yakakwira voltage insulation pakati pekuisa uye kubuda.
Mukuwedzera, nekutumira kana kuvhara ichi chiratidzo chechiedza, chinoita sechinochinja.Iyo yakadzama musimboti uye magadzirirwo anozotsanangurwa gare gare, asi mwenje unoburitsa chinhu chephotocoupler ndeye LED (light emitting diode).
Kubva kuma1960 kusvika kuma1970, pakagadzirwa leds uye kufambira mberi kwavo kwehunyanzvi kwakakosha,optoelectronicsrakava guru.Panguva iyoyo, zvakasiyanaoptical devicesdzakagadzirwa, uye photoelectric coupler yaiva imwe yacho.Zvadaro, optoelectronics yakakurumidza kupinda muhupenyu hwedu.
① Musimboti/maitiro
Nheyo yeoptocoupler ndeyokuti chiedza-chinobudisa chiedza chinoshandura chiratidzo chemagetsi chinopinza kuva chiedza, uye chinhu chinogashira chiedza chinotumira chiedza chemagetsi kumashure kune inobuda rutivi rwedunhu.Chiedza chinobudisa chiedza uye chiedza chinogashira chinhu chiri mukati mechivharo chechiedza chekunze, uye izvo zviviri zvakatarisana kuitira kuendesa chiedza.
Iyo semiconductor inoshandiswa muchiedza-emitting elements ndiyo LED (light-emitting diode).Kune rumwe rutivi, kune marudzi akawanda e-semiconductors anoshandiswa mumagetsi ekugamuchira chiedza, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekushandiswa, kukura kwekunze, mutengo, nezvimwewo, asi kazhinji, inonyanya kushandiswa ndiyo phototransistor.
Kana isiri kushanda, mafototransistors anotakura zvishoma zvezvino izvo zvinoitwa semiconductors akajairwa.Kana chiitiko chechiedza ipapo, phototransistor inogadzira simba rephotoelectromotive pamusoro peP-type semiconductor uye N-type semiconductor, maburi ari muN-type semiconductor anoyerera achipinda munzvimbo yep, iyo yemahara electron semiconductor munharaunda yep inoyerera. munharaunda n, uye yazvino ichayerera.
Mafototransistors haapindure semafotodiode, asi anewo mhedzisiro yekuwedzera kuburitsa kusvika kumazana kusvika ku1,000 nguva yechiratidzo chekupinza (nekuda kwemunda wemagetsi wemukati).Naizvozvo, ivo vanonzwisisa zvakakwana kuti vatore kunyange masaini asina simba, inova mukana.
Muchokwadi, iyo "light blocker" yatinoona ndeye yemagetsi mudziyo une imwechete musimboti uye michina.
Zvisinei, zvinokanganisa chiedza zvinowanzo shandiswa sezvinzwi uye kuita basa razvo nekupfuura chinhu chinovharira chiedza pakati pechinhu chinobudisa chiedza uye chinogamuchira chiedza.Semuenzaniso, inogona kushandiswa kuona mari uye mabhengi mumashini ekutengesa uye maATM.
② Zvimiro
Sezvo iyo optocoupler ichitumira masaini kuburikidza nechiedza, iyo insulation pakati peiyo yekupinza divi uye inobuda divi chinhu chikuru.High insulation haisi nyore kukanganiswa neruzha, asi zvakare inodzivirira netsaona kuyerera kwezvino pakati pemaseketi ari padyo, ayo anoshanda zvakanyanya maererano nekuchengetedza.Uye chimiro chacho pachacho chiri nyore uye chinonzwisisika.
Nekuda kwenhoroondo yayo refu, iyo yakapfuma chigadzirwa mutsara wevakasiyana vagadziri zvakare yakasarudzika mukana weoptocouplers.Nemhaka yokuti hapana kubatana kwepanyama, kupfeka pakati pezvikamu zviduku, uye hupenyu hurefu.Kune rimwe divi, kune zvakare hunhu hwekuti kupenya kwakanaka kuri nyore kuchinjika, nekuti iyo LED inozoderera zvishoma nezvishoma nekufamba kwenguva uye tembiricha shanduko.
Kunyanya kana chikamu chemukati chepurasitiki yakajeka kwenguva yakareba, iine makore, haigoni kuva chiedza chakanaka.Nekudaro, chero zvakadaro, hupenyu hwakareba kwazvo kana huchienzaniswa nekubatana kwekusangana kweiyo mechanical kuonana.
Phototransistors kazhinji inononoka kupfuura mafotodiode, saka haishandiswe pakukurumidzira kutaurirana.Nekudaro, izvi hazvisi zvisizvo, sezvo zvimwe zvikamu zvine amplification maseketi padivi rekubuda kuti uwedzere kumhanya.Muchokwadi, haasi ese emagetsi maseketi anoda kuwedzera kumhanya.
③ Kushandiswa
Photoelectric couplersanonyanya kushandiswa pakuchinja kushanda.Dunhu richasimbiswa nekushandura shanduko, asi kubva pakuona kwemaitiro ari pamusoro apa, kunyanya kuvhara uye hupenyu hurefu, inonyatsokodzera kumamiriro ezvinhu anoda kuvimbika kwakanyanya.Semuenzaniso, ruzha muvengi wemagetsi ekurapa uye maodhiyo emidziyo / midziyo yekutaurirana.
Inoshandiswawo mumamotor drive system.Chikonzero chemota ndechekuti kumhanya kunodzorwa neinverter kana ichityairwa, asi inoburitsa ruzha nekuda kwekubuda kwepamusoro.Ruzha urwu haruzongokonzeresa kuti mota pachayo ikundikane, asi zvakare inoyerera ne "pasi" inobata peripherals.Kunyanya, midziyo ine wiring refu iri nyore kutora iyi yakakwira ruzha ruzha, saka kana zvikaitika mufekitori, zvinokonzeresa kurasikirwa kukuru uye dzimwe nguva kukonzeresa tsaona dzakakomba.Nekushandisa yakanyanya insulated optocouplers yekuchinja, kukanganisa kune mamwe maseketi uye zvishandiso zvinogona kudzikiswa.
Chechipiri, kusarudza uye kushandisa optocouplers
Maitiro ekushandisa iyo chaiyo optocoupler yekushandisa mukugadzirwa kwechigadzirwa?Aya anotevera microcontroller ekuvandudza mainjiniya anotsanangura maitiro ekusarudza uye kushandisa optocouplers.
① Gara wakavhurika uye gara wakavhara
Kune mhando mbiri dzemafotocouplers: rudzi umo switch inodzimwa (yakadzimwa) kana pasina voltage inoiswa, mhando iyo switch inobatidzwa (yakadzimwa) kana voltage yaiswa, uye mhando iyo switch. inobatidzwa kana pasina voltage.Isa uye dzima kana voltage yaiswa.
Yekutanga inodaidzwa kuti kazhinji yakavhurika, uye iyo yekupedzisira inonzi yakajairika yakavharwa.Nzira yekusarudza, kutanga inobva pane rudzi rwedunhu raunoda.
② Tarisa yakabuda ikozvino uye yakashandiswa voltage
Photocouplers ane midziyo yekukudza chiratidzo, asi haagare achipfuura nevoltage uye ikozvino pakuda.Ehe, yakayerwa, asi voltage inoda kuiswa kubva kudivi rekuisa zvinoenderana neinodiwa kubuda ikozvino.
Kana tikatarisa pabepa re data rezvigadzirwa, tinogona kuona chati apo vertical axis ndiyo inobuda ikozvino (muunganidzi wazvino) uye horizontal axis ndiyo inopinza voltage (collector-emitter voltage).Iyo yekuunganidzira ikozvino inosiyana zvichienderana neiyo LED mwenje intensity, saka shandisa iyo voltage zvinoenderana neinoda kubuda ikozvino.
Nekudaro, iwe unogona kufunga kuti iyo inobuda ikozvino yakaverengerwa pano idiki zvinoshamisa.Iyi ndiyo kukosha kwazvino iyo inogona kuramba yakavimbika yakabuda mushure mekufunga nezvekuipa kweiyo LED nekufamba kwenguva, saka ishoma pane yakanyanya rating.
Pane zvinopesana, pane zviitiko apo kubuda ikozvino hakusi kukuru.Saka, pakusarudza optocoupler, iva nechokwadi chekunyatsotarisa "output current" uye sarudza chigadzirwa chinowirirana nacho.
③ Maximum ikozvino
Iyo yakanyanya conduction ikozvino ndiyo yakanyanya kukosha ikozvino iyo optocoupler inogona kumira kana ichiitisa.Zvekare, isu tinofanirwa kuve neshuwa kuti tinoziva kuti yakawanda sei inobuda iyo purojekiti inoda uye kuti magetsi ekupinza ndeapi tisati tatenga.Ita shuwa kuti iyo yakanyanya kukosha uye ikozvino inoshandiswa haisi miganho, asi kuti pane imwe margin.
④ Seta iyo photocoupler nenzira kwayo
Tasarudza iyo optocoupler chaiyo, ngatishandisei muchirongwa chaicho.Iyo yekumisikidza pachayo iri nyore, ingobatanidza materminal akabatana kune yega yega yekupinza divi redunhu uye inobuda padivi redunhu.Zvisineyi, kungwarira kunofanirwa kutorwa kusakanganisa rutivi rwekupinza uye divi rekubuda.Naizvozvo, iwe unofanirwawo kutarisa zviratidzo mutafura yedata, kuti usazowana kuti photoelectric coupler tsoka yakashata mushure mekudhirowa PCB board.
Nguva yekutumira: Jul-29-2023