The kushanda musimboti uye chikuru mhandosemiconductor laser
SemiconductorLaser diodes, nehukuru hwavo hwepamusoro, miniaturization uye wavelength kusiyana-siyana, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya sezvikamu zvakakosha zve optoelectronic teknolojia muminda yakadai sekukurukurirana, kurapwa uye kushandiswa kwemaindasitiri. Ichi chinyorwa chinozivisa zvakare iyo inoshanda musimboti uye mhando dze semiconductor lasers, iyo yakanakira sarudzo yereferensi yeruzhinji rwevaongorori veoptoelectronic.
1. Chiedza-emitting musimboti we semiconductor lasers
Iyo luminescence musimboti we semiconductor lasers yakavakirwa pane bhendi chimiro, shanduko yemagetsi uye inosimudzira kuburitsa kwesemiconductor zvinhu. Semiconductor zvinhu imhando yezvinhu zvine bandgap, iyo inosanganisira valence bhendi uye conduction band. Kana zvinhu zviri pasi pasi, maerekitironi anozadza bhendi revalence apo pasina maerekitironi mubhendi rekufambisa. Kana imwe nzvimbo yemagetsi ikaiswa kunze kana kuti ikozvino yaiswa jekiseni, mamwe maerekitironi anozochinja kubva mubhendi revalence kuenda kubhendi rekufambisa, achigadzira ma electron-hole pairs. Munguva yekusunungurwa kwesimba, apo aya ma electron-hole pairs anokurudzirwa nenyika yekunze, photons, kureva, lasers, ichagadzirwa.
2. Nzira dzekunakidza dze semiconductor lasers
Pane kunyanya nzira nhatu dzekukurudzira dze semiconductor lasers, dzinoti magetsi jekiseni rudzi, optical pombi mhando uye yakakwirira-simba erekitironi danda excitation mhando.
Magetsi anoiswa semiconductor lasers: Kazhinji, iwo semiconductor pamusoro-junction diodes akagadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita segallium arsenide (GaAs), cadmium sulfide (CdS), indium phosphide (InP), uye zinc sulfide (ZnS). Ivo vanofara nekubaya jekiseni ikozvino pamwe nekurerekera kumberi, vachigadzira inosimudzira kubuda munzvimbo yejunction ndege.
Optically pumped semiconductor lasers: Kazhinji, N-mhando kana P-mhando semiconductor imwechete makristasi (akadai seGaAS, InAs, InSb, nezvimwewo) anoshandiswa sechinhu chinoshanda, uyelaserinobudiswa nemamwe lasers inoshandiswa seyo optically pumped excitation.
High-energy electron beam-excited semiconductor lasers: Kazhinji, vanoshandisawo N-type kana P-type semiconductor single crystals (sePbS, CdS, ZhO, etc.) sechinhu chinoshanda uye vanonakidzwa nekubaya simbi ine simba remagetsi kubva kunze. Pakati pe semiconductor laser zvishandiso, iyo ine kuita zvirinani uye yakafara application ndiyo yemagetsi jekiseni yeGaAs diode laser ine kaviri heterostructure.
3. Mhando huru dze semiconductor lasers
Iyo Active Dunhu ye semiconductor laser ndiyo yepakati nzvimbo yekugadzira photon uye kukwidziridzwa, uye ukobvu hwayo ingori mashoma mamicrometer. Yemukati waveguide zvimiro zvinoshandiswa kudzikamisa lateral diffusion yemafotoni uye kuwedzera simba density (senge ridge waveguides uye akavigwa heterojunctions). Iyo laser inotora dhizaini yekupisa inonyura uye inosarudza yakakwirira yekupisa conductivity zvinhu (semhangura-tungsten alloy) yekukurumidza kupisa kupisa, iyo inogona kudzivirira wavelength kukukurwa kunokonzerwa nekupisa. Zvinoenderana nechimiro chavo uye mamiriro ekushandisa, semiconductor lasers inogona kuiswa muzvikamu zvina zvinotevera:
Edge-Emitting Laser (EEL)
Iyo laser inobuda kubva kune yakatsemuka pamusoro padivi pechip, ichigadzira elliptical nzvimbo (ine divergence Angle inosvika 30 ° × 10 °). Yakajairika wavelengths inosanganisira 808nm (yekupomba), 980 nm (yekutaurirana), uye 1550 nm (ye fiber kutaurirana). Iyo inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu-high-simba maindasitiri kucheka, fiber laser kupomba masosi, uye optical kutaurirana musana network.
2. Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser (VCSEL)
Laser inobudiswa perpendicularly kusvika pamusoro pechip, ine denderedzwa uye symmetrical danda (divergence Angle <15 °). Iyo inosanganisa yakagoverwa Bragg reflector (DBR), kubvisa kudiwa kwekunze kwekuratidzira. Inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mu 3D sensing (sekuzivikanwa kwechiso chenharembozha), pfupi-renji optical communication (data centers), uye LiDAR.
3. Quantum Cascade Laser (QCL)
Zvichienderana neshanduko yemaerekitironi pakati pe quantum Wells, wavelength inovhara yepakati-kusvika-kure-infrared renji (3-30 μm), pasina kudiwa kwehuwandu hwevanhu. Mapikicha anogadzirwa kuburikidza neintersubband transitions uye anowanzoshandiswa mumashandisirwo akadai sekunzwa gasi (sekuona CO₂), kufungidzira kweterahertz, uye kuongorora kwezvakatipoteredza.
Iyo tunable laser's yekunze dhizaini dhizaini (grating/prism /MEMS girazi) inogona kuwana wavelength tuning renji ye ± 50 nm, ine nhete mutsara (<100 kHz) uye yakakwira yedivi-modhi yekuramba reshiyo (> 50 dB). Inowanzoshandiswa mumashandisirwo akadai sedense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) kutaurirana, spectral analysis, uye biomedical imaging. Semiconductor lasers anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukukurukurirana laser zvishandiso, dijitari laser yekuchengetera zvishandiso, laser yekumaka uye yekurongedza midziyo, laser typesetting uye kudhinda, laser yekurapa michina, laser kureba uye collimation yekuona zviridzwa, laser zviridzwa uye midziyo yekuvaraidza uye dzidzo, laser zvikamu uye zvikamu, nezvimwe. Nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwekushandisa, kune akawanda mabhureki uye vanogadzira lasers. Paunenge uchiita sarudzo, inofanirwa kuve yakavakirwa pane chaiyo zvinodiwa uye minda yekushandisa. Vagadziri vakasiyana vane maapplication akasiyana mundima dzakasiyana, uye kusarudzwa kwevagadziri uye lasers kunofanirwa kuitwa zvinoenderana neiyo chaiyo yekushandisa munda wepurojekiti.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-05-2025