Nhanganyaya, rudzi rwekuverenga photonmuchina wekuona mafashamo emvura wakatsetseka
Tekinoroji yekuverenga mafotoni inogona kuwedzera zvizere chiratidzo chephoton kuti ikunde ruzha rwekuverenga kwemidziyo yemagetsi, uye kunyora huwandu hwemafotoni anoburitswa ne detector munguva yakati nekushandisa hunhu hwechisikigo hwechiratidzo chemagetsi chinoburitswa ne detector pasi pechiedza chisina kusimba, uye kuverenga ruzivo rwechinangwa chakayerwa zvichienderana nekukosha kwe photon meter. Kuti zvionekwe chiedza chisina kusimba zvakanyanya, mhando dzakasiyana dzezvishandiso zvine kugona kuona mafotoni zvakadzidzwa munyika dzakasiyana. Photodiode ye solid state avalanche (Chinoongorora mufananidzo cheAPD) chishandiso chinoshandisa simba rekuona chiedza kuti chione zviratidzo zvechiedza. Zvichienzaniswa nemidziyo yekubvisa chiedza, michina ye-solid-state ine zvakanakira zviri pachena mukumhanya kwekupindura, kuwanda kwechiedza, kushandiswa kwesimba, vhoriyamu uye kugona kuona simba remagineti, nezvimwewo. Masayendisiti akaita tsvakiridzo yakavakirwa patekinoroji yekufungidzira yeAPD photon count.
Mudziyo weAPD photodetectorIne Geiger mode (GM) uye linear mode (LM) nzira mbiri dzinoshanda, tekinoroji yeAPD photon count imaging inonyanya kushandisa mudziyo weGeiger mode APD. Midziyo yeGeiger mode APD ine sensitivity yakakwira padanho re single photon uye high response speed yemakumi e nanoseconds kuti iwane high time accuracy. Zvisinei, Geiger mode APD ine mamwe matambudziko akadai se detector dead time, low detection efficiency, large optical crossword uye low spatial resolution, saka zvakaoma kugadzirisa contradiction pakati pe high detection rate uye low false alarm rate. Photon counters dzakavakirwa pa near-noiseless high-gain HgCdTe APD devices dzinoshanda mu linear mode, hadzina dead time uye crosstalk restrictions, hadzina post-pulse yakabatana neGeiger mode, hadzidi quench circuits, dzine ultra-high dynamic range, wide and tunable spectral response range, uye dzinogona kugadzirwa dzakazvimiririra kuti dzione kushanda zvakanaka uye false count rate. Inovhura nzvimbo itsva yekushandisa mifananidzo ye infrared photon count, inzira yakakosha yekuvandudza michina yekuverenga photon, uye ine mikana yakakura yekushandisa mukutarisa nyeredzi, kutaurirana kwemahara muchadenga, active uye passive imaging, fringe tracking nezvimwewo.
Nheyo yekuverenga photon mumidziyo yeHgCdTe APD
Zvishandiso zveAPD photodetector zvakavakirwa pazvinhu zveHgCdTe zvinogona kufukidza mawavelength akasiyana-siyana, uye ma ionization coefficients emaerekitironi nemaburi akasiyana zvikuru (ona Mufananidzo 1 (a)). Zvinoratidza nzira imwe chete yekuwedzera simba remagetsi mukati me cut-off wavelength ye1.3 ~ 11 µm. Hapana ruzha rwakawandisa (zvichienzaniswa ne excess noise factor FSi~2-3 yeSi APD devices uye FIII-V~4-5 yeIII-V family devices (ona Mufananidzo 1 (b)), zvekuti signal-to-noise ratio yemidziyo inenge isingaderere nekuwedzera kwe gain, inova infrared yakanaka.chinhu chinoona mafashamo emvura.
Mufananidzo 1 (a) Hukama huripo pakati pehuwandu hweimpact ionization coefficient yezvinhu zvemercury cadmium telluride uye chikamu x cheCd; (b) Kuenzanisa kwekuwedzera kwenoise factor F yezvishandiso zveAPD nemasisitimu akasiyana ezvinhu
Tekinoroji yekuverenga mafotoni tekinoroji itsva inogona kuburitsa masaini ekuona kubva muruzha rwekupisa nekugadzirisa mapombi ephotoelectron anogadzirwa nemudziyo wekuona fotomushure mekugamuchira photon imwe chete. Sezvo chiratidzo chechiedza chidiki chichipararira zvakanyanya munzvimbo yenguva, kubuda kwechiratidzo chemagetsi ne detector kuri kwechisikigo uye kwakasiyana. Zvichienderana nehunhu uhwu hwechiedza chisina simba, kuwedzera kwepulse, kusiyanisa kwepulse uye matekiniki ekuverenga edhijitari anowanzo shandiswa kuona chiedza chisina simba zvakanyanya. Tekinoroji yemazuva ano yekuverenga photon ine zvakanakira zvakawanda, zvakaita sehuwandu hwesignali-ku-ruzha, kusiyanisa kwakanyanya, kuyera kwakarurama, kudzivirira kudonha, kugara kwenguva yakanaka, uye inogona kuburitsa data kukombiyuta muchimiro chechiratidzo chedhijitari chekuongorora nekugadzirisa zvinotevera, izvo zvisingaenzaniswi nedzimwe nzira dzekuongorora. Parizvino, sisitimu yekuverenga photon yave ichishandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wekuyera kwemaindasitiri nekuona chiedza chidiki, senge nonlinear optics, molecular biology, ultra-high resolution spectroscopy, astronomical photometry, atmospheric pollution measurement, nezvimwewo, zvine chekuita nekuwana nekuona zviratidzo zvechiedza chisina simba. Chinoongorora mavhiri emvura chinonzi mercury cadmium telluride hachina ruzha rwakanyanya, sezvo kuwedzera kwesimba remagetsi kuchikwira, chiyero chesignal-to-noise hachiori, uye hapana nguva yakafa uye kudziviswa kwekurova kwemhepo mushure mekurova kwemhepo kwakabatana nemidziyo yeGeiger avalanche, iyo yakakodzera kushandiswa mukuverenga mavhiri emvura, uye inzira yakakosha yekuvandudza michina yekuverenga mavhiri emvura mune ramangwana.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-14-2025