Microwave optoelectronics, sezvinoreva zita racho, ndiyo nzvimbo inoungana microwave nezvigadzirwa zvemagetsiMa microwave nemasaisai echiedza mafungu emagetsi, uye ma frequency akasiyana zvikuru, uye zvikamu nematekinoroji zvakagadzirwa muminda yazvo zvakasiyana zvikuru. Pamwe chete, tinogona kushandisana, asi tinogona kuwana mashandisirwo matsva nehunhu hwakaoma kuona.
Kutaurirana kwemazisomuenzaniso mukuru wekusanganiswa kwema microwave nema photoelectrons. Kutaurirana kwefoni ne telegraph kwekutanga, kugadzirwa, kuparadzirwa uye kugamuchira masaini, zvese zvinoshandiswa muma microwave. Mafungu emagetsi ane frequency yakaderera anoshandiswa pakutanga nekuti huwandu hwema frequency hudiki uye kugona kwechiteshi chekutumira masaini kudiki. Mhinduro ndeyekuwedzera frequency yechiratidzo chinotumirwa, frequency yakakwira, zviwanikwa zvakawanda zve spectrum. Asi kurasikirwa kwesignali ye frequency yakakwira mumhepo yakakura, asi zvakare nyore kuvharwa nezvipingamupinyi. Kana tambo ikashandiswa, kurasikirwa kwetambo kwakakura, uye kutumirwa kure idambudziko. Kubuda kwekutaurirana kwe optical fiber mhinduro yakanaka kumatambudziko aya.Faibha yemazisoine kurasikirwa kushoma kwekutumira masaini uye inotakura zvakanaka kwazvo pakutumira masaini kure kure. Mafambiro emasaisai echiedza akakura zvikuru kupfuura ema microwave uye anogona kutumira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana panguva imwe chete. Nekuda kwezvibatsiro izvi zvekutapurirana kwemaziso, kutaurirana nefiber ye optical kwave musimboti wekutumira ruzivo nhasi.
Kutaurirana kwemaziso kwagara kwenguva refu, kutsvagisa nekushandisa kwakakura uye kwakakura, handiti kutaura zvakawanda. Pepa rino rinonyanya kuunza zvirimo zvitsva zvekutsvagisa zve microwave optoelectronics mumakore achangopfuura kunze kwekutaurirana kwemaziso. Microwave optoelectronics inonyanya kushandisa nzira nematekinoroji mumunda we optoelectronics senzira yekuvandudza nekuwana mashandiro nekushandiswa kwakaoma kuwana nezvikamu zvemagetsi zve microwave zvechinyakare. Kubva pakuona kwekushandisa, zvinonyanya kusanganisira zvinhu zvitatu zvinotevera.
Chekutanga kushandiswa kwe optoelectronics kugadzira masaini e microwave anoshanda zvakanyanya uye asina ruzha rwakanyanya, kubva ku X-band kusvika ku THz band.
Chechipiri, kugadzirisa masaini e microwave. Kusanganisira kunonoka, kusefa, kushandura ma frequency, kugamuchira nezvimwewo.
Chechitatu, kutapurirana kwezviratidzo zveanalog.
Muchinyorwa chino, munyori anongotaura nezvechikamu chekutanga chete, kugadzirwa kwechiratidzo che microwave. Mafungu echinyakare e microwave millimeter anonyanya kugadzirwa nezvikamu zve iii_V microelectronic. Zvipingamupinyi zvawo zvine zvinotevera: Chekutanga, kune ma frequency akakwira se100GHz pamusoro apa, ma microelectronic echinyakare anogona kugadzira simba shoma, kune frequency yakakwira ye THz, hapana chaanogona kuita. Chechipiri, kuti aderedze ruzha rwechikamu uye awedzere kugadzikana kwefrequency, mudziyo wekutanga unofanirwa kuiswa munzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera zvikuru. Chechitatu, zvakaoma kuwana akasiyana-siyana ekushandura frequency modulation. Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, tekinoroji ye optoelectronic inogona kuita basa. Nzira huru dzakatsanangurwa pazasi.
1. Kuburikidza nekusiyana kwema frequency ezviratidzo zviviri zvakasiyana zve laser, photodetector ine ma frequency akawanda inoshandiswa kushandura ma microwave signals, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1.
Mufananidzo 1. Dhiyagiramu ye microwave inogadzirwa nekuchinja kwehuwandu hwema microwave mavirilasers.
Zvakanakira nzira iyi zviri nyore, zvinogona kugadzira mafungu emagetsi emhando yepamusoro (high frequency millimeter wave) uye kunyange THz frequency signal, uye nekugadzirisa mafungu emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi emagetsi (sweep frequency). Dambudziko nderekuti ruzha rwemutsetse-upamhi kana rwechikamu (phase noise) rwechiratidzo chemusiyano wefrequency chinogadzirwa nezviratidzo zviviri zvemagetsi emagetsi asina hukama rwakakura, uye kugadzikana kwemafungu emagetsi ...malaser efaibha, mukaha wekunzelaser dze semiconductor, nezvimwewo. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzemasaini elaser anogadzirwa mulaser cavity imwe chete dzinogonawo kushandiswa kugadzira frequency yemusiyano, kuitira kuti mashandiro ekugadzikana kwema frequency e microwave ave nani zvikuru.
2. Kuti tigadzirise dambudziko rekuti ma laser maviri ari munzira yapfuura haana kubatana uye ruzha rwechiratidzo rwunogadzirwa rwakakura zvakanyanya, kubatana pakati pema laser maviri kunogona kuwanikwa nenzira ye injection frequency locking phase locking kana negative feedback phase locking circuit. Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza kushandiswa kwakajairika kwe injection locking kugadzira microwave multiples (Mufananidzo 2). Nekuisa zvakananga ma frequency current signals mu semiconductor laser, kana nekushandisa LinBO3-phase modulator, ma optical signals akawanda ema frequency akasiyana ane equal frequency spacing anogona kugadzirwa, kana ma optical frequency combs. Ehe, nzira inowanzoshandiswa yekuwana wide spectrum optical frequency comb ndeyekushandisa mode-locked laser. Chero ma comb signals maviri ari mu optical frequency comb anosarudzwa ne filtering uye anopinzwa mu laser 1 ne 2 zvichiteerana kuti aone frequency ne phase locking zvichiteerana. Nekuti phase iri pakati pema comb signals akasiyana e optical frequency comb yakagadzikana, kuitira kuti relative phase iri pakati pema laser maviri ive yakagadzikana, uye nenzira ye difference frequency sezvakatsanangurwa kare, multi-fold frequency microwave signal ye optical frequency comb repetition rate inogona kuwanikwa.
Mufananidzo 2. Dhiyagiramu yechirongwa chechiratidzo chekupetwa kaviri kwema microwave chinogadzirwa nekuvharwa kwema injection frequency.
Imwe nzira yekuderedza ruzha rwema laser maviri ndeyekushandisa PLL ine mhinduro isina kunaka, sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 3.
Mufananidzo 3. Dhirowamu yeOPL.
Nheyo ye optical PLL yakafanana neye PLL mumunda wezvemagetsi. Musiyano we phase yema laser maviri unoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi ne photodetector (yakaenzana ne phase detector), uye ipapo musiyano we phase pakati pe laser mbiri unowanikwa nekuita difference frequency ne reference microwave signal source, iyo inowedzerwa uye inoseferwa yozodzorerwa ku frequency control unit yeimwe yema lasers (ye semiconductor lasers, ndiyo injection current). Kuburikidza ne negative feedback control loop yakadaro, relative frequency phase pakati pe laser signals mbiri inovharirwa kune reference microwave signal. Combined optical signal inogona kutumirwa kuburikidza ne optical fibers kuenda kune photodetector kune imwe nzvimbo uye yoshandurwa kuita microwave signal. Phase noise inobuda ye microwave signal inenge yakafanana neye reference signal mukati me bandwidth ye phase-locked negative feedback loop. Phase noise kunze kwe bandwidth yakaenzana ne relative phase noise yema lasers maviri asina hukama ekutanga.
Pamusoro pezvo, chiratidzo che microwave chinogonawo kushandurwa nemamwe masaini kuburikidza nekupetwa kaviri kwe frequency, divisor frequency, kana kumwe kugadzirisa frequency, kuitira kuti chiratidzo che microwave che frequency yakaderera chigone kuwanda kaviri, kana kushandurwa kuita masaini e RF, THz ane frequency yakakwira.
Zvichienzaniswa nekukiya mafrequency ejection, ma "loops" anongowana frequency yakapetwa kaviri, "phase-locked loops" anochinjika zvakanyanya, anogona kugadzira ma "frequency" anenge asina kurongeka, uye zvechokwadi akaomarara. Semuenzaniso, "optical frequency comb" inogadzirwa ne "photoelectric modulator" muMufananidzo 2 inoshandiswa se "light source", uye "optical phase-locked loop" inoshandiswa kuvharira frequency yema "laser" maviri kune "optical comb signals" maviri, uye yozoburitsa "high-frequency signals" kuburikidza ne "difference frequency", sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 4. f1 na f2 ndiwo ma "reference signal frequency" e "two PLLS" zvakateerana, uye "microwave signal" yeN * frep + f1 + f2 inogona kugadzirwa ne "difference frequency" pakati pema "laser" maviri.
Mufananidzo 4. Dhiyagiramu yemufananidzo wekugadzira mafrequency asingatarisirwi uchishandisa ma frequency e optical uye ma PLLS.
3. Shandisa mode-locked pulse laser kushandura optical pulse signal kuita microwave signal kuburikidzamudziyo wekuona foto.
Chinhu chikuru cheiyi nzira ndechekuti chiratidzo chine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwazvo kwema frequency uye ruzha rwechikamu chakaderera kwazvo chinogona kuwanikwa. Nekuvharira frequency yelaser kune static very atomic and molecular transition spectrum, kana kuti optical cavity yakasimba kwazvo, uye kushandisa self-doubling frequency elimination system frequency shift nedzimwe tekinoroji, tinogona kuwana static very stable optical pulse signal ine static very repetition frequency, kuitira kuti tiwane microwave signal ine ultra-low phase noise. Mufananidzo 5.
Mufananidzo 5. Kuenzanisa ruzha rwechikamu chepakati rwemashoko akasiyana-siyana.
Zvisinei, nekuti mwero wekudzokorora kwepulse unoenderana nehurefu hwemugodhi welaser, uye laser yechinyakare yakavharirwa nemode yakakura, zvakaoma kuwana masaini e microwave ane frequency yakakwira zvakananga. Pamusoro pezvo, saizi, huremu uye kushandiswa kwesimba kwemalaser echinyakare ane pulse, pamwe nezvinodiwa nezvakatipoteredza zvakaoma, zvinoganhurira mashandisirwo awo zvakanyanya murabhoritari. Kuti vakunde matambudziko aya, tsvakurudzo yatanga munguva pfupi yapfuura muUnited States neGermany ichishandisa nonlinear effects kugadzira ma frequency-stable optical combs muma cavities madiki kwazvo, emhando yepamusoro echirp mode optical, ayo anozoburitsa masaini e microwave ane ruzha rwakanyanya.
4. opto electronic oscillator, Mufananidzo 6.
Mufananidzo 6. Dhiyagiramu yemufananidzo weoscillator yakabatana ne photoelectric.
Imwe yenzira dzechinyakare dzekugadzira ma microwave kana ma lasers ndeyekushandisa self-feedback closed loop, chero bedzi kuwedzera kuri mu closed loop kwakakura kupfuura kurasikirwa, self-excited oscillation inogona kugadzira ma microwave kana ma lasers. Kana Q yemhando yepamusoro ye closed loop yakakwira, signal phase kana frequency noise inogadzirwa idiki. Kuti uwedzere quality factor ye loop, nzira yakatwasuka ndeyekuwedzera loop length uye kuderedza kurasikirwa kwekupararira. Zvisinei, loop refu inogona kutsigira kugadzirwa kwemaitiro akawanda e oscillation, uye kana filter yakamanikana-bandwidth ikawedzerwa, microwave oscillation signal ye single-frequency low-noise inogona kuwanikwa. Photoelectric coupled oscillator isource ye microwave signal yakavakirwa papfungwa iyi, inoshandisa zvizere hunhu hwe low propagation loss ye fiber, ichishandisa fiber refu kuvandudza loop Q value, inogona kugadzira microwave signal ine low phase noise. Kubva pakatanga kushandiswa nzira iyi muma1990, rudzi urwu rweoscillator rwakawana tsvakurudzo yakakura uye budiriro yakakura, uye pari zvino kune maoscillator ekutengesa ane photoelectric akabatana. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, maoscillator ane photoelectric ane mafrequency anogona kugadziriswa pamhando dzakasiyana-siyana akagadzirwa. Dambudziko guru rema microwave signal sources zvichibva pakugadzirwa uku nderekuti loop yacho yakareba, uye ruzha mu free flow yayo (FSR) uye double frequency yayo zvichawedzera zvakanyanya. Pamusoro pezvo, zvikamu zve photoelectric zvinoshandiswa zvakawanda, mutengo wakakwira, vhoriyamu yacho yakaoma kuderedza, uye fiber yakareba inonyanya kukanganiswa nekukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Zviri pamusoro apa zvinotsanangura muchidimbu nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekugadzira masaini e microwave ne photoelectron, pamwe nezvakanakira nezvakaipa zvadzo. Chekupedzisira, kushandiswa kwema electron kugadzira ma microwave kune imwe mukana ndeyekuti masaini e optical anogona kugoverwa kuburikidza ne optical fiber nekurasikirwa kushoma, kutumira kure kure kune yega yega terminal yekushandisa uye yozoshandurwa kuita masaini e microwave, uye kugona kuramba kupindira kwe electromagnetic kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya kupfuura zvikamu zvemagetsi zvechinyakare.
Kunyorwa kwechinyorwa chino kunonyanya kutaurwa nezvacho, uye pamwe chete neruzivo rwemunyori pachake rwekutsvaga uye ruzivo rwake munyaya iyi, pane kusarongeka uye kusanzwisisika, ndapota nzwisisai.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-03-2024