Microwave optoelectronics, sezvinoreva zita racho, ndiyo mharadzano yemicrowave uyeoptoelectronics. Microwaves uye mafungu emwenje mafungu emagetsi emagetsi, uye ma frequency akawanda maodha ehukuru hwakasiyana, uye zvikamu uye matekinoroji akagadzirwa muminda yavo akasiyana zvakanyanya. Mukubatana, tinogona kutora mukana kune mumwe nemumwe, asi isu tinogona kuwana maapplication matsva uye hunhu hwakaoma kuona zvichiteerana.
Optical communicationmuenzaniso mukuru wekubatanidzwa kwemamicrowaves nemaphotoelectrons. Nharembozha yekutanga uye telegraph isina waya yekutaurirana, chizvarwa, kuparadzira uye kugamuchirwa kwezviratidzo, zvese zvakashandiswa microwave zvishandiso. Low frequency electromagnetic waves anoshandiswa pakutanga nekuti frequency renji idiki uye chiteshi chiteshi chekufambisa idiki. Mhinduro ndeyekuwedzera kuwanda kweiyo inofambiswa chiratidzo, iyo yakakwira frequency, iyo yakawanda spectrum zviwanikwa. Asi iyo yakakwira frequency chiratidzo mumhepo yekuparadzira kurasikirwa yakakura, asi zvakare nyore kuvharika nezvipingamupinyi. Kana tambo yakashandiswa, kurasikirwa kwetambo yakakura, uye kuendesa kure kure kune dambudziko. Kubuda kwe optical fiber communication ndiyo mhinduro yakanaka kumatambudziko aya.Optical fiberine kurasikirwa kwekutapurirana kwakaderera uye inotakura yakanakisa yekutumira masaini pamusoro pemadaro marefu. Kuwanda kwemasaisai emwenje kwakakura zvakanyanya kupfuura kwema microwaves uye kunogona kufambisa nzira dzakawanda dzakasiyana panguva imwe chete. Nekuda kwezvakanakira izvi zveoptical kutapurirana, optical fiber communication yava musimboti wekufambiswa kwemashoko kwemazuva ano.
Kukurukurirana kweOptical kune nhoroondo refu, kutsvagisa uye kushandiswa kwakanyanya uye kwakakura, apa hazvireve zvakawanda. Iri bepa rinonyanya kusuma iyo nyowani yekutsvagisa yemukati memicrowave optoelectronics mumakore achangopfuura kunze kwekutaurirana kwemaziso. Microwave optoelectronics inonyanya kushandisa nzira uye matekinoroji mumunda weoptoelectronics semutakuri wekuvandudza uye kuzadzisa mashandiro uye mashandisiro ayo akaoma kuwana neyakajairwa microwave emagetsi zvikamu. Kubva pamaonero ekushandisa, inonyanya kusanganisira zvinhu zvitatu zvinotevera.
Yekutanga ndeye kushandiswa kweoptoelectronics kugadzira yakakwirira-performance, yakaderera-ruzha microwave masaini, kubva kuX-bhendi kusvika kuTHz bhendi.
Chechipiri, microwave chiratidzo chekugadzirisa. Kusanganisira kunonoka, kusefa, frequency kutendeuka, kugamuchira uye zvichingodaro.
Chechitatu, kutapurirana kweanalogi zviratidzo.
Muchikamu chino, munyori anongozivisa chikamu chekutanga, chizvarwa chechiratidzo che microwave. Traditional microwave millimeter wave inonyanya kugadzirwa neiii_V microelectronic components. Mipimo yaro ine mapoinzi anotevera: Chekutanga, kune yakakwirira frequency senge 100GHz pamusoro, echinyakare microelectronics inogona kuburitsa simba shoma uye shoma, kune yakakwirira frequency THz chiratidzo, hapana chaanogona kuita. Chechipiri, kuti uderedze ruzha rwechikamu uye uvandudze kugadzikana kwema frequency, chishandiso chepakutanga chinoda kuiswa munzvimbo yakadzika kwazvo tembiricha. Chechitatu, zvakaoma kuwana huwandu hwakawanda hwe frequency modulation frequency kutendeuka. Kugadzirisa matambudziko aya, tekinoroji yeoptoelectronic inogona kuita basa. Nzira huru dzinotsanangurwa pasi apa.
1. Kuburikidza nemusiyano wenguva yezviratidzo zviviri zvakasiyana-siyana zvelaser, high-frequency photodetector inoshandiswa kushandura zviratidzo zve microwave, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1.
Mufananidzo 1. Schematic diagram ye microwaves inogadzirwa nekusiyana kwehuwandu hwemavirilasers.
Zvakanakira nzira iyi chimiro chakareruka, chinogona kuburitsa yakakwira frequency millimeter wave uye kunyange THz frequency chiratidzo, uye nekugadzirisa frequency yelaser inogona kuita huwandu hwakakura hwekukurumidza kutendeuka, kutsvaira frequency. Izvo zvakashata ndezvekuti iyo mutsara kana chikamu ruzha rwemutsauko frequency sigi inogadzirwa neaviri asina hukama masaini elaser yakakura, uye frequency kugadzikana haina kukwirira, kunyanya kana semiconductor laser ine vhoriyamu diki asi yakakura linewidth (~MHz) iri kushandiswa. Kana iyo system uremu vhoriyamu zvinodiwa zvisina kukwira, unogona kushandisa yakaderera ruzha (~ kHz) solid-state lasers,fiber lasers, mhango yekunzesemiconductor lasers, etc. Mukuwedzera, nzira mbiri dzakasiyana dzemalaser signals dzakagadzirwa mune imwechete laser cavity inogonawo kushandiswa kugadzira mutsauko frequency, kuitira kuti microwave frequency kugadzikana kuita kugadziriswe zvakanyanya.
2. Kuti ugadzirise dambudziko rekuti maviri lasers munzira yapfuura haana kurongeka uye chiratidzo chechikamu ruzha rwakagadzirwa rwakakura kwazvo, kuwirirana pakati pema lasers maviri kunogona kuwanikwa nejekiseni frequency kukiya chikamu chekuvhara nzira kana iyo yakaipa mhinduro chikamu. kukiya dunhu. Mufananidzo 2 unoratidza kushandiswa kwakajairwa kwejekiseni kukiya kugadzira microwave akawanda (Mufananidzo 2). Nekupinza zvakananga high frequency current signals mu semiconductor laser, kana kushandisa LinBO3-phase modulator, multiple optical signals of different frequencies with equal frequency spacing can be produced, kana optical frequency combs. Ehe, iyo inowanzo shandiswa nzira yekuwana yakafara spectrum optical frequency comb ndeye kushandisa mode-yakakiya laser. Chero masaini maviri emizinga muyakagadzirwa optical frequency comb inosarudzwa nekusefa uye kubaiwa mulaser 1 uye 2 zvakateerana kuti ione frequency uye kukiya kwechikamu zvichiteerana. Nekuti chikamu chiri pakati peakasiyana masaini masaini eiyo optical frequency comb yakagadzikana, kuitira kuti chikamu chehukama pakati pema lasers maviri chigadzikane, uyezve nenzira yekusiyanisa frequency sezvatsanangurwa kare, iyo yakawanda-fold frequency microwave chiratidzo cheiyo Optical frequency comb repetition rate inogona kuwanikwa.
Mufananidzo 2. Schematic diagram ye microwave frequency kaviri chiratidzo chinogadzirwa nejekiseni frequency kukiya.
Imwe nzira yekudzikisa ruzha rwechikamu cheaviri lasers ndeye kushandisa yakashata mhinduro Optical PLL, sezvakaratidzwa mumufananidzo 3.
Mufananidzo 3. Schematic diagram yeOPL.
Nheyo yeOptical PLL yakafanana neyePLL mumunda wemagetsi. Musiyano wechikamu chema lasers maviri unoshandurwa kuita chiratidzo chemagetsi nephotodetector (yakaenzana nedanho rekuona), uye ipapo musiyano wechikamu pakati pema lasers maviri unowanikwa nekuita mutsauko frequency nereferenzi microwave chiratidzo sosi, iyo inowedzerwa. uye yakasefa uye yobva yadzoserwa kune frequency control unit yeimwe lasers (ye semiconductor lasers, ndiyo jekiseni ikozvino). Kuburikidza neyakadaro yakaipa mhinduro yekudzora loop, iyo inoenderana frequency chikamu pakati pemasaini maviri emalaser inovharirwa kune referensi microwave chiratidzo. Chiratidzo chakasanganiswa chemaziso chinogona kubva chaendeswa kuburikidza neoptical fibers kune photodetector kune imwe nzvimbo uye chinoshandurwa kuita microwave chiratidzo. Iyo inokonzeresa nhanho ruzha rweiyo microwave chiratidzo chakada kufanana neicho chechiratidzo chechiratidzo mukati meiyo bandwidth yechikamu-yakakiyiwa isina kunaka mhinduro loop. Ruzha rwechikamu kunze kwe bandwidth yakaenzana neruzha rwechikamu cheiyo maviri ekutanga asina hukama lasers.
Uye zvakare, iyo referensi microwave siginecha sosi inogona zvakare kushandurwa nemamwe masaini masosi kuburikidza ne frequency kaviri, divisor frequency, kana imwe frequency processing, kuitira kuti yakaderera frequency microwave siginecha inogona kuwanda, kana kuchinjirwa kune yakakwira-frequency RF, THz masaini.
Kuenzaniswa nejekiseni frequency kukiya kunogona chete kuwana frequency kupetwa, chikamu-chakakiyiwa zvishwe zviri nyore kuchinjika, zvinogona kuburitsa zvisingaite ma frequency, uye hongu zvakanyanya kuoma. Semuyenzaniso, iyo optical frequency comb inogadzirwa nephotoelectric modulator muFigure 2 inoshandiswa semwenje sosi, uye optical phase-yakiyiwa loop inoshandiswa kusarudza kukiya frequency yema lasers maviri kune maviri optical comb masaini, uyezve kugadzira. high-frequency signals kuburikidza nekusiyana kwehuwandu, sezvinoratidzwa muChifananidzo 4. f1 uye f2 ndiyo inotaridzirwa yezviratidzo zve PLLS mbiri zvichienderana, uye chiratidzo che microwave cheN * frep + f1 + f2 chinogona kugadzirwa nekusiyana kwehuwandu pakati pe lasers maviri.
Mufananidzo 4. Schematic diagram yekugadzira zvisizvo zvisingaite uchishandisa optical frequency combs uye PLLS.
3. Shandisa mode-locked pulse laser kushandura optical pulse signal kupinda microwave chiratidzo kuburikidzaphotodetector.
Kubatsira kukuru kweiyi nzira ndeyekuti chiratidzo chine yakanaka kwazvo frequency kugadzikana uye yakaderera chikamu ruzha runogona kuwanikwa. Nekuvhara frequency yelaser kune yakagadzika kwazvo atomic uye molecular transition spectrum, kana yakanyatsogadzikana optical mhango, uye kushandiswa kwekuzvimiririra kaviri frequency elisemination system frequency shift uye humwe matekinoroji, tinogona kuwana yakagadzikana kwazvo optical pulse sign ne. yakanyatsogadzikana yekudzokorora frequency, kuitira kuti uwane microwave chiratidzo ine Ultra-yakaderera chikamu ruzha. Mufananidzo 5.
Mufananidzo 5. Kuenzanisa kwehama chikamu ruzha rwemhando dzakasiyana dzezviratidzo.
Nekudaro, nekuti iyo pulse repetition rate inopesana nekureba kwegomba relaser, uye yechinyakare mode-yakiyiwa laser yakakura, zvinonetsa kuwana yakakwirira frequency microwave masaini zvakananga. Uye zvakare, saizi, uremu uye mashandisiro esimba echinyakare pulsed lasers, pamwe nekuomarara kwezvakatipoteredza zvinodiwa, kudzikisira kwavo kunyanya murabhoritari kunyorera. Kuti ukunde matambudziko aya, tsvakiridzo ichangobva kutanga muUnited States neGermany ichishandisa nonlinear mhedzisiro kugadzira ma frequency-stable optical combs mune madiki, emhando yepamusoro chirp mode optical cavities, ayo anozoburitsa yakakwira-frequency yakaderera-ruzha microwave masaini.
4. opto electronic oscillator, Mufananidzo 6.
Mufananidzo 6. Schematic diagram ye photoelectric yakabatanidzwa oscillator.
Imwe yetsika dzechinyakare nzira dzekugadzira microwaves kana lasers ndeyekushandisa-yega-yemhinduro yakavharwa loop, chero bedzi iyo pfuma muyakavharwa loop yakakura kupfuura kurasikirwa, iyo yekuzvifadza oscillation inogona kugadzira microwaves kana lasers. Iyo yakakwirira yemhando yemhando Q yeyakavharwa loop, idiki inogadzirwa chiratidzo chikamu kana frequency ruzha. Kuti uwedzere kunaka kweiyo loop, nzira yakananga ndeyekuwedzera iyo loop kureba uye kuderedza kupararira kurasikirwa. Nekudaro, chiuno chakareba chinogona kutsigira chizvarwa cheakawanda modhi ye oscillation, uye kana yakamanikana-bandwidth sefa yakawedzerwa, imwe-frequency yakaderera-ruzha microwave oscillation chiratidzo inogona kuwanikwa. Photoelectric yakasanganiswa oscillator ndeye microwave siginecha sosi yakavakirwa pane iyi pfungwa, inoshandisa zvizere fibre yakaderera kupararira kurasikirwa maitiro, uchishandisa faibha refu kuvandudza loop Q kukosha, inogona kuburitsa chiratidzo chemicrowave ine yakaderera chikamu ruzha. Sezvo nzira yacho yakatsanangurwa muma1990, rudzi urwu rweoscillator rwakawana tsvakurudzo yakakura uye budiriro huru, uye pari zvino kune kutengeserana photoelectric akabatanidza oscillators. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, mafotoelectric oscillators ayo mafrequency anogona kugadziriswa pamusoro pehupamhi hwakagadzirwa. Dambudziko guru rema microwave signal sources rinobva pane iyi dhizaini nderekuti loop yakareba, uye ruzha mukuyerera kwayo kwemahara (FSR) uye kaviri frequency ichawedzerwa zvakanyanya. Mukuwedzera, iyo photoelectric zvikamu zvinoshandiswa zvakawanda, mutengo wakakwirira, vhoriyamu yakaoma kuderedza, uye iyo yakareba fiber inonyanya kutarisana nekukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Izvo zviri pamusoro apa zvinosuma nzira dzinoverengeka dzekugadzira photoelectron yechiratidzo chemicrowave, pamwe chete nezvakanakira nekuipira. Chekupedzisira, kushandiswa kwemaphotoelectrons kugadzira microwave kune chimwe chakanakira ndechekuti chiratidzo chemaziso chinogona kugoverwa kuburikidza nefiber yemaziso nekurasikirwa kwakanyanya, kuendesa kureba kune imwe neimwe terminal yekushandisa uye yozoshandurwa kuita masaini emicrowave, uye kugona kuramba magetsi. kupindira kunovandudzwa zvakanyanya pane zvechinyakare zvemagetsi zvikamu.
Kunyorwa kwechinyorwa ichi kunonyanya kutaurwa, uye kusanganiswa nemunyori pachake ruzivo rwekutsvaga uye ruzivo mune iyi ndima, pane zvisiri izvo uye kusanzwisisa, ndapota nzwisisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Jan-03-2024