Nanolaser rudzi rwemudziyo mudiki uye mudiki unogadzirwa nezvinhu zvakaita se nanowire se resonator uye unogona kuburitsa laser pasi pe photoexcitation kana electrical excitation. Saizi ye laser iyi inowanzova mazana ema microns kana makumi ema microns, uye dhayamita yacho inosvika pa nanometer order, inova chikamu chakakosha che remangwana rekuratidzira firimu rakatetepa, integrated optics nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Kupatsanurwa kwe nanolaser:
1. Laser yeNanowire
Muna 2001, vaongorori vepaYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley, muUnited States, vakagadzira laser diki kwazvo pasi rose - nanolaser - pawaya ye nanooptic chete chikamu chimwe chete chehurefu hwebvudzi remunhu. Iyi laser haingoburitse ma ultraviolet lasers chete, asi inogonawo kugadziriswa kuti ibudise ma lasers akasiyana kubva pabhuruu kusvika pa deep ultraviolet. Vaongorori vakashandisa nzira yakajairika inonzi oriented epiphytation kugadzira laser kubva kumakristaro e pure zinc oxide. Vakatanga "kukudziridza" nanowires, ndiko kuti, dzakaumbwa padhayamita yegoridhe ine dhayamita ye20nm kusvika 150nm uye kureba kwe10,000 nm pure zinc oxide waya. Zvadaro, vaongorori pavakashandisa makristaro e pure zinc oxide mu nanowires neimwe laser pasi pegreenhouse, makristaro e pure zinc oxide akaburitsa laser ine wavelength ye17nm chete. Nanolaser dzakadaro dzinogona kushandiswa pakupedzisira kuona makemikari uye kuvandudza kugona kwekuchengetedza ruzivo kwemadhisiki emakombiyuta nemakomputa e photonic.
2. Ultraviolet nanolaser
Mushure mekuuya kwema micro-laser, micro-disk lasers, micro-ring lasers, uye quantum avalanche lasers, chemist Yang Peidong nevamwe vake paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, Berkeley, vakagadzira nanolaser dzekupisa kwemukamuri. Iyi zinc oxide nanolaser inogona kuburitsa laser ine linewidth iri pasi pe 0.3nm uye wavelength ye 385nm pasi pechiedza, iyo inoonekwa se laser diki pasi rose uye imwe yemidziyo yekutanga inoshanda yakagadzirwa uchishandisa nanotechnology. Padanho rekutanga rekugadzira, vaongorori vakafanotaura kuti iyi ZnO nanolaser iri nyore kugadzira, kupenya kwakanyanya, saizi diki, uye mashandiro ayo akaenzana kana kutopfuura GaN blue lasers. Nekuda kwekukwanisa kugadzira high-density nanowire arrays, ZnO nanolaser dzinogona kupinda mumaapplication mazhinji asingagoneke neGaAs devices dzanhasi. Kuti kukura ma laser akadaro, ZnO nanowire inogadzirwa nenzira yekufambisa gasi iyo inokonzeresa epitaxial crystal growth. Kutanga, substrate yesafire inoputirwa nefirimu regoridhe rine gobvu re1 nm ~ 3.5nm, yozoiswa pachikepe chealumina, zvinhu zvacho nesubstrate zvinopiswa kusvika 880 ° C ~ 905 ° C mukuyerera kweammonia kuti zvigadzire steam yeZn, uye ipapo steam yeZn inotakurwa kuenda kusubstrate. Nanowaya dze2μm ~ 10μm dzine nzvimbo ine hexagonal cross-sectional dzakagadzirwa mukukura kwe2min ~ 10min. Vaongorori vakaona kuti ZnO nanowaya inoumba gomba relaser rechisikigo rine dhayamita ye20nm kusvika 150nm, uye dhayamita yayo yakawanda (95%) ndeye 70nm kusvika 100nm. Kuti vadzidze kuburitswa kwakasimba kwenanowaya, vaongorori vakapomba sample iyi mugreenhouse ine simba rechina reNd:YAG laser (266nm wavelength, 3ns pulse width). Munguva yekushanduka kwe emission spectrum, chiedza chinowedzerwa nekuwedzera kwesimba repombi. Kana tambo yacho yadarika muganho weZnO nanowire (inenge 40kW/cm), nzvimbo yepamusoro ichaonekwa mu emission spectrum. Upamhi hwemutsara wenzvimbo idzi dzakakwirira hushoma pane 0.3nm, hunopfuura 1/50 pasi pemuganho wemutsara kubva pa emission vertex iri pasi pemuganho. Upamhi hwemitsara mitete iyi uye kuwedzera nekukurumidza kwe emission intensity kwakaita kuti vaongorori vagumise kuti emission inosimudzirwa inoitika zvechokwadi mu nanowire idzi. Nokudaro, iyi nanowire array inogona kushanda se natural resonator uye nokudaro ikava micro laser source yakanaka. Vaongorori vanotenda kuti iyi short-wavelength nanolaser inogona kushandiswa muminda ye optical computing, information storage uye nanoanalyzer.
3. Malaser emvura yeQuantum
Gore ra2010 risati rasvika uye rapfuura, upamhi hwemutsetse wakachekwa pa semiconductor chip huchasvika 100nm kana pasi, uye pachava nemaerekitironi mashoma chete anofamba mudunhu, uye kuwedzera nekuderera kweerekitironi kuchave nemhedzisiro huru pakushanda kwedunhu. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, ma quantum well lasers akazvarwa. Mu quantum mechanics, nzvimbo inogona kudzora kufamba kwemaerekitironi uye kuayera inonzi quantum well. Iyi quantum constraint inoshandiswa kugadzira quantum energy levels mu active layer ye semiconductor, kuitira kuti electronic transition pakati pesimba itonge excited radiation ye laser, inova quantum well laser. Kune mhando mbiri dze quantum well lasers: quantum line lasers uye quantum dot lasers.
① Quantum line laser
Masayendisiti akagadzira ma-laser e-quantum wire ane simba rakapetwa ka1,000 kupfuura ma-laser echinyakare, achitora danho guru pakugadzira makomputa nemidziyo yekutaurirana inokurumidza. Ma-laser, anogona kuwedzera kumhanya kwemaodhiyo, mavhidhiyo, Indaneti nedzimwe nzira dzekutaurirana kuburikidza ne-fiber-optic network, akagadzirwa nemasayendisiti paYale University, Lucent Technologies Bell LABS muNew Jersey neMax Planck Institute for Physics muDresden, Germany. Aya ma-laser ane simba guru aizoderedza kudiwa kweRepeaters dzinodhura, dzinoiswa makiromita makumi masere ega ega (makiromita makumi mashanu) pamutsetse wekutaurirana, zvichigadzira zvakare ma-laser pulses asina simba zvakanyanya paanenge achifamba ne-fiber (Repeaters).
Nguva yekutumira: Chikumi-15-2023