Attosecond pulses inoburitsa zvakavanzika zvekunonoka kwenguva

Attosecond pulseszivisa zvakavanzika zvekunonoka kwenguva
Masayendisiti muUnited States, nerubatsiro rweatosecond pulses, akaburitsa ruzivo rutsva nezvephotoelectric effect: ivophotoelectric emissionkunonoka kunosvika 700 attoseconds, yakareba kupfuura yaimbotarisirwa. Iyi tsvakiridzo yazvino inodenha mamodhiyo edzidziso uye inobatsira mukunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekudyidzana pakati pemaerekitironi, zvichitungamira mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji senge semiconductors uye maseru ezuva.
Mhedzisiro yephotoelectric inoreva chiitiko chekuti kana chiedza chichivhenekera pamorekuru kana atomu pamusoro pesimbi, photon inopindirana nemorekuru kana atomu uye inobudisa maerekitironi. Mhedzisiro iyi haisi imwe chete yehwaro hwakakosha hwequantum mechanics, asi zvakare ine simba rakadzika pafizikisi yemazuva ano, chemistry uye zvinhu sainzi. Zvisinei, mundima iyi, iyo inonzi photoemission kunonoka nguva yave iri nyaya inokakavadzana, uye maitiro akasiyana-siyana ezvinyorwa akatsanangura kune madhigirii akasiyana, asi hapana kubvumirana kwakabatana kwakagadzirwa.
Sezvo nzvimbo yesaenzi yeatosecond yakavandudzika zvakanyanya mumakore achangopfuura, chishandiso chiri kubuda ichi chinopa nzira isati yamboitika yekuongorora nyika isingaoneki. Nekunyatso kuyera zviitiko zvinoitika pazvikero zvenguva pfupi kwazvo, vaongorori vanokwanisa kuwana rumwe ruzivo nezve simba rekusimba rezvimedu. Muchidzidzo chazvino, vakashandisa nhevedzano yepamusoro-yakasimba X-ray pulses inogadzirwa neinobatana mwenje sosi paStanford Linac Center (SLAC), iyo yakatora bhiriyoni chete yechipiri (attosecond), kuti ionize maerekitironi epakati uye. "kanda" kunze kwemorekuru iri kufara.
Kuwedzera kuongorora trajectories aya akasunungurwa maerekitironi, vakashandisa mumwe nomumwe kufaralaser pulseskuyera nguva dzekuburitsa maerekitironi mumativi akasiyana. Iyi nzira yakavabvumira kunyatsoverenga misiyano yakakosha pakati penguva dzakasiyana-siyana dzakakonzerwa nekudyidzana pakati pemaerekitironi, vachisimbisa kuti kunonoka kunogona kusvika 700 attoseconds. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuwanikwa uku hakungotsigire mamwe mafungidziro apfuura, asiwo kunomutsa mibvunzo mitsva, zvichiita kuti dzidziso dzakakodzera dzitariswe zvakare uye kuvandudzwa.
Pamusoro pezvo, chidzidzo chinoratidza kukosha kwekuyera nekududzira kunonoka kwenguva idzi, izvo zvakakosha pakunzwisisa mhedzisiro yekuedza. Muprotein crystallography, imaging yekurapa, uye mamwe maapplication akakosha anosanganisira kusangana kweX-rays nenyaya, iyi data ichave hwaro hwakakosha hwekunatsiridza nzira dzehunyanzvi nekuvandudza kunaka kwekufungidzira. Naizvozvo, timu inoronga kuenderera mberi nekuongorora magetsi emagetsi emhando dzakasiyana dzemamorekuru kuitira kuratidza ruzivo rutsva pamusoro pemaitiro emagetsi mune zvakanyanya kuomarara masisitimu uye hukama hwavo nemolecular chimiro, vachiisa hwaro hwakasimba hwedata hwekuvandudza matekinoroji ane hukama. mune ramangwana.