Kurira kweAttosecond kunoburitsa zvakavanzika zvekunonoka kwenguva

Kurova kweAttosecondkuburitsa zvakavanzika zvekunonoka kwenguva
Masayendisiti muUnited States, vachibatsirwa neattosecond pulses, vakaburitsa ruzivo rutsva nezvemhedzisiro yemagetsi: iyokubuda kwemagetsi emagetsiKunonoka kunosvika 700 attoseconds, nguva yakareba kupfuura yaitarisirwa kare. Tsvagiridzo iyi yazvino inopikisa mamodheru edzidziso aripo uye inobatsira pakunzwisisa kwakadzama kwekudyidzana kuripo pakati pemaerekitironi, zvichitungamira mukuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji dzakadai semasemiconductors nemasero ezuva.
Mhedzisiro yemagetsi inoreva chiitiko chekuti kana chiedza chichipenya pamorekuru kana atomu pamusoro pesimbi, photon inosangana nemorekuru kana atomu yoburitsa maerekitironi. Mhedzisiro iyi haisi imwe chete yenheyo dzakakosha dze quantum mechanics, asiwo ine simba guru pafizikisi yemazuva ano, chemistry uye sainzi yezvinhu. Zvisinei, mundima iyi, iyo inonzi nguva yekunonoka kwemhepo yave iri nyaya inokakavadzana, uye mamodheru akasiyana-siyana edzidziso akaitsanangura kusvika padanho rakasiyana, asi hapana kubvumirana kwakabatana kwakaitwa.
Sezvo munda wesainzi yeattosecond wavandudzika zvikuru mumakore achangopfuura, chishandiso ichi chiri kubuda chinopa nzira isina kumboitika yekuongorora nyika ine microscopic. Nekuyera zviitiko zvinoitika panguva pfupi pfupi, vaongorori vanokwanisa kuwana rumwe ruzivo nezvemaitiro esimba rezvikamu. Muchidzidzo chazvino, vakashandisa nhevedzano yeX-ray pulses yakasimba yakagadzirwa nechiedza chakabatana paStanford Linac Center (SLAC), iyo yakangogara chikamu chimwe chete pazviuru zvesekondi (attosecond), kuti ionise maerekitironi makuru uye "kuburitsa" mumorekuru yaifara.
Kuti vaongorore zvakanyanya nzira dzemaerekitironi aya akaburitswa, vakashandisa maerekitironi akasiyana-siyana airatidza kufara.kurova kwemhasuru nelaserkuyera nguva dzekubuda kwemaerekitironi munzira dzakasiyana. Nzira iyi yakavabvumira kuverenga nemazvo mutsauko mukuru pakati penguva dzakasiyana dzinokonzereswa nekudyidzana pakati pemaerekitironi, zvichisimbisa kuti kunonoka kwacho kunogona kusvika 700 attoseconds. Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti kuwanikwa uku hakungosimbisi chete mamwe mafungiro ekare, asiwo kunomutsa mibvunzo mitsva, zvichiita kuti dzidziso dzakakodzera dzifanirwe kuongororwazve uye kugadziriswa.
Pamusoro pezvo, chidzidzo ichi chinosimbisa kukosha kwekuyera nekududzira kunonoka kwenguva uku, izvo zvakakosha pakunzwisisa mhedzisiro yekuedza. Mukuongorora mapuroteni, kufungidzira kwezvokurapa, uye mamwe mashandisirwo akakosha anosanganisira kudyidzana kweX-ray nezvinhu, data iri richava hwaro hwakakosha hwekuvandudza nzira dzehunyanzvi uye kuvandudza mhando yemifananidzo. Nokudaro, timu inoronga kuramba ichiongorora mashandiro emagetsi emhando dzakasiyana dzemamorekuru kuitira kuti iratidze ruzivo rutsva nezvemaitiro emagetsi muhurongwa hwakaoma uye hukama hwayo nechimiro chemamorekuru, zvichiisa hwaro hwakasimba hwedata rekuvandudza matekinoroji ane hukama mune ramangwana.