42.7 Gbit/S Electro-Optic Modulator muSilicon Technology

Chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zve optical modulator imodulation speed kana bandwidth, iyo inofanira kunge ichimhanya zvakanyanya semagetsi aripo. Transistors dzine transit frequency dziri pamusoro pe100 GHz dzakatoratidzwa mu 90 nm silicon technology, uye kumhanya kuchawedzera zvakanyanya sezvo saizi yechinhu ichi ichideredzwa [1]. Zvisinei, bandwidth yemamodulators emazuva ano akavakirwa pasilicon yakaganhurirwa. Silicon haina χ(2)-nonlinearity nekuda kwe centro-symmetric crystalline structure yayo. Kushandiswa kwe strained silicon kwakatoita kuti pave nemigumisiro inonakidza [2], asi nonlinearities haisati yabvumidza zvishandiso zvinoshanda. Saka ma silicon photonic modulators emazuva ano achiri kuvimba ne free-carrier dispersion mu pn kana pin junctions [3–5]. Forward biased junctions akaratidzwa kuratidza voltage-length product yakaderera se VπL = 0.36 V mm, asi modulation speed inoganhurirwa ne dynamics yema minority carriers. Kunyange zvakadaro, huwandu hwedata hwe10 Gbit/s hwakagadzirwa nerubatsiro rwekutanga kusimbisa chiratidzo chemagetsi [4]. Uchishandisa reverse biased junctions panzvimbo pezvo, bandwidth yakawedzerwa kusvika pa30 GHz [5,6], asi voltage length product yakakwira kusvika kuVπL = 40 V mm. Zvinosuwisa kuti, ma plasma effect phase modulators akadaro anogadzirawo undesired intensity modulation [7], uye anopindura nonlinearly kune applied voltage. Advanced modulation formats seQAM inoda, zvisinei, linear response uye pure phase modulation, zvichiita kuti kushandiswa kwe electro-optic effect (Pockels effect [8]) kuve kwakakosha.

2. Maitiro eSOH
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, nzira ye silicon-organic hybrid (SOH) yakakurudzirwa [9–12]. Muenzaniso weSOH modulator unoratidzwa muFig. 1(a). Ine slot waveguide inotungamira optical field, uye silicon strips mbiri dzinobatanidza optical waveguide nemagetsi kune metallic electrodes. Ma electrodes ari kunze kwe optical modal field kudzivirira kurasikirwa kwe optical [13], Fig. 1(b). Mudziyo wacho wakafukidzwa ne electro-optic organic material iyo inozadza slot zvakaenzana. Modulating voltage inotakurwa ne metallic electrical waveguide uye inodonha pamusoro pe slot nekuda kwe conductive silicon strips. Electric field inozobva yachinja index of refraction mu slot kuburikidza ne ultra-fast electro-optic effect. Sezvo slot ine upamhi mu order ye 100 nm, ma volts mashoma akakwana kugadzira strong fields modulating dzakafanana ne dielectric strength yezvinhu zvakawanda. Chimiro chacho chine high modulation efficiency sezvo modulating ne optical fields zvakaungana mukati me slot, Fig. 1(b) [14]. Zvechokwadi, kutanga kushandiswa kwemaSOH modulators ane sub-volt operation [11] kwatove kuratidzwa, uye sinusoidal modulation inosvika 40 GHz yakaratidzwa [15,16]. Zvisinei, dambudziko mukuvaka maSOH modulators ane low-voltage high-speed nderekugadzira strip inobatanidza ine conductive highly conductive. Mucircuit yakaenzana, slot inogona kumirirwa ne capacitor C uye conductive strips ne resistors R, Mufananidzo 1(b). RC time constant inoenderana inosarudza bandwidth yemudziyo [10,14,17,18]. Kuti kuderedze resistance R, zvakakurudzirwa kuti pave ne silicon strips [10,14]. Kunyange zvazvo doping ichiwedzera conductivity ye silicon strips (uye nokudaro ichiwedzera kurasikirwa kwe optical), munhu anobhadhara imwe loss failure nekuti electron mobility inokanganiswa nekupararira kwetsvina [10,14,19]. Uyezve, kuedza kwekugadzira kwazvino kwakaratidza conductivity yakaderera zvisingatarisirwi.

Beijing Rofea Optoelectronics Co., Ltd. iri mu "Silicon Valley" yeChina - Beijing Zhongguancun, ikambani yetekinoroji yepamusoro yakatsaurirwa kushandira masangano ekutsvagisa emuno nekunze kwenyika, masangano ekutsvagisa, mayunivhesiti nevashandi vekutsvagisa sainzi vemabhizinesi. Kambani yedu inonyanya kuita tsvakurudzo yakazvimirira nekugadzira, dhizaini, kugadzira, kutengesa zvigadzirwa zve optoelectronic, uye inopa mhinduro itsva uye masevhisi ehunyanzvi, akagadzirirwa vaongorori vesainzi nemainjiniya emaindasitiri. Mushure memakore ekuvandudza kwakazvimirira, yakagadzira nhevedzano yakapfuma uye yakakwana yezvigadzirwa zve photoelectric, izvo zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri emaguta, emauto, ekufambisa, emagetsi, emari, dzidzo, ekurapa nedzimwe nzvimbo.

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