Kuzvarwa kweLaser

Kuzvarwa kweLaser
Kugadzirwa kwemalaser kwakakurudzirwa naEinstein muna 1916 nedzidziso yake ye "kubuda kwesimba uye kwakakurudzirwa". Dzidziso iyi inoumba hwaro hwepanyama hwemasisitimu emazuva ano elaser. Kudyidzana pakati pemaphoton nemaatomu kunogona kutungamira kune maitiro matatu ekuchinja: kunyudzwa kwakakurudzirwa, kubuda kwesimba, uye kubuda kwakakurudzirwa. Chero bedzi kuburitswa kwakakurudzirwa kuchigona kuramba kuripo uye kwakasimba, malaser anogona kuwanikwa. Naizvozvo, zvishandiso zvakakosha - malaser - zvinofanirwa kugadzirwa. Kuumbwa kwelaser kunowanzo kuumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: chinhu chinoshanda, mudziyo wekumutsa, uye optical resonator.

1. Chinhu chinoshanda

Chinhu chiri mulaser chinogona kugadzira chiedza chelaser chinonzi chinhu chinoshanda. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa, kugoverwa kwenhamba dzeatomu muchinhu ichi padanho rega rega resimba kugoverwa kwakajairika. Huwandu hweatomu padanho repasi resimba hunogara hwakakura kupfuura hwepadanho repamusoro resimba. Nokudaro, kana chiedza chikapfuura nemamiriro akajairwa echinhu chinopenya, nzira yekunyudzwa inotonga, uye chiedza chinogara chisisina simba. Kuti chiedza chisimbiswe mushure mekupfuura nepadanho rechiedza uye kuwana kuwedzera kwechiedza, zvakakosha kuti chiedza chive nesimba guru. Kuti huwandu hweatomu padanho repamusoro resimba huve hukuru kupfuura hwepadanho repasi resimba, kugoverwa uku kunopesana nekugoverwa kwakajairika uye kunonzi particle number inversion.
2. Chishandiso cheKufadza
Basa rechinhu chinosimudzira nderekukurudzira maatomu ari musimba rakaderera kusvika padanho repamusoro resimba, zvichiita kuti chinhu chinoshanda chikwanise kuchinja nhamba yezvikamu. Mazinga esimba echinhu ichi anosanganisira mamiriro epasi uye mamiriro emufaro, pamwe nemamiriro ekuwedzera. Mamiriro ekuwedzera haana kugadzikana pane mamiriro epasi, asi akagadzikana zvakanyanya pane mamiriro emufaro. Zvichienderana, maatomu anogona kuramba ari muchimiro chekuwedzera kwenguva yakareba. Semuenzaniso, ma chromium ions (Cr3+) ari muruby ane mamiriro ekuwedzera kwenguva yakareba. Semuenzaniso, ma chromium ions (Cr3+) ari muruby ane mamiriro ekuwedzera ane hupenyu hwese hwemasekondi gumi kusvika matatu. Mushure mekunge chinhu chinoshanda chafara uye chawana kuchinja nhamba yezvikamu, pakutanga, nekuda kwenzira dzakasiyana dzekupararira kwema photons anoburitswa nemwaranzi inongoerekana yaitika, ma photons emwaranzi anosimudzirwa anewo nzira dzakasiyana dzekupararira, uye pane kurasikirwa kwakawanda mukubuda uye kunyudzwa; kubuda kwe laser kwakasimba hakugone kugadzirwa. Kuti kugonesa mwaranzi inosimudzira kuti irambe iripo muhuwandu hushoma hwechinhu chinoshanda, optical resonator inodiwa kuti iwane sarudzo uye kuwedzera chiedza.
3. Optical Resonator
Igirazi mbiri dzinoratidza zvinhu zvakafanana dzakaiswa kumativi ese echinhu chinoshanda, dzakatarisana nechikamu chikuru. Mugumo mumwe igirazi rinoratidza zvinhu zvose (rine mwero wekuratidzira we100%), uye mumwe mugumo igirazi rinojekesa zvishoma uye rinoratidza zvishoma (rine mwero wekuratidzira we90% kusvika 99%).
Mabasa e resonator ndeaya: ① ​​kugadzira nekuchengetedza optical amplification; ② kusarudza divi rechiedza chinobuda; ③ kusarudza urefu hwemwenje unobuda. Kune chinhu chaicho chinoshanda, nekuda kwezvikonzero zvakasiyana-siyana, urefu hwemwenje unobuda hauna kusiyana, uye spectrum ine upamhi hwakati. Resonator inogona kuita basa rekusarudza frequency, zvichiita kuti monochromaticity yelaser ive nani.