Chinoongorora mafashamo eSPAD ane photon imwe chete

SPADmuchina wekuona mafashamo emvura une photon imwe chete

Masensa eSPAD photodetector paakatanga kushandiswa, ainyanya kushandiswa muzviitiko zvekuona zviri nyore. Zvisinei, nekushanduka kwekushanda kwawo uye kukura kwezvinodiwa munzvimbo,Chinoongorora mufananidzo cheSPADMasensa ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu evatengi akadai sema radar emotokari, marobhoti, uye mota dzisina vanhu. Nekuda kwekunzwa kwayo kwakanyanya uye ruzha rwakaderera, sensor yeSPAD photodetector yave sarudzo yakakodzera yekuwana ruzivo rwakanyatsojeka uye mifananidzo isina chiedza chakawanda.

Kusiyana nemasensa emifananidzo eCMOS (CIS) akavakirwa paPN junctions, chimiro chikuru cheSPAD photodetector iavalanche diode inoshanda muGeiger mode. Kubva pamaonero ezvishandiso zvemuviri, kuomarara kweSPAD photodetector kwakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura kwezvishandiso zvePN junction. Izvi zvinonyanya kuratidzwa muchokwadi chekuti kana paine reverse bias yakakura, inogona kukonzera matambudziko akadai sekupinza macarriers asina kuenzana, thermal electron effects, uye tunneling currents zvichibatsirwa nemamiriro edefect. Hunhu uhu hunoita kuti isangane nematambudziko akakomba padanho rekugadzira, maitiro, uye circuit architecture.

Maitiro akafanana ekushanda kweChinoongorora mafashamo eSPADzvinosanganisira Pixel Size (Pixel Size), Dark count noise (DCR), Light Detection Probability (PDE), Dead Time (DeadTime), uye Response Time (Response Time). Aya ma parameter anokanganisa zvakananga mashandiro eSPAD avalanche photodetector. Semuenzaniso, dark count rate (DCR) iparameter yakakosha yekutsanangura ruzha rwe detector, uye SPAD inofanira kuchengetedza bias yakakwira kupfuura breakdown kuti ishande se single-photon detector. Probability of light detection (PDE) ndiyo inosarudza kunzwisisika kweSPAD.chinhu chinoona mafashamo emvurauye inokanganiswa nekusimba uye kupararira kwesimba remagetsi. Pamusoro pezvo, DeadTime inguva inodiwa kuti SPAD idzokere payakatanga mushure mekurwiswa, izvo zvinokanganisa chiyero chepamusoro chekuona photon uye dynamic range.

Mukugadzirisa mashandiro eSPAD devices, hukama hwezvirambidzo pakati pema core performance parameters idambudziko guru: semuenzaniso, pixel miniaturization inotungamira zvakananga kuPDE attenuation, uye kuwanda kweminda yemagetsi yemucheto kunokonzerwa ne miniaturization yehukuru kuchakonzerawo kuwedzera kwakanyanya kweDCR. Kuderedza nguva yakafa kuchakonzera ruzha rwe post-impulse uye kunokanganisa kururama kwe time jitter. Iye zvino, mhinduro yemazuva ano yawana mwero wakati wekubatsirana kuburikidza nenzira dzakadai seDTI/ protection loop (kudzvanya crosstalk nekuderedza DCR), pixel optical optimization, kuunzwa kwezvinhu zvitsva (SiGe avalanche layer enhancing infrared response), uye three-dimensional stacked active quenching circuits.