Nheyo uye mhando dze laser

Misimboti uye mhando dzelaser
Chii chinonzi laser?
Laser (Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation); Kuti uwane pfungwa iri nani, tarisa mufananidzo uri pazasi:

Atomu iri padanho repamusoro resimba rinoshanduka roga kuenda padanho repasi resimba roburitsa photon, maitiro anonzi mwaranzi inongoerekana yaitika.
Zvakakurumbira zvinogona kunzwisiswa seizvi: bhora riri pasi ndiro nzvimbo yaro yakakodzera, kana bhora rikasundirwa mumhepo nesimba rekunze (rinonzi kupomba), simba rekunze parinonyangarika, bhora rinodonha kubva pakakwirira, uye rinoburitsa simba rakati. Kana bhora riri atomu chaiyo, atomu iyoyo inoburitsa photon yewavelength chaiyo panguva yekuchinja.

Kupatsanura kwema lasers
Vanhu vagara vachiziva musimboti wekugadzirwa kwe laser, vakatanga kugadzira mhando dzakasiyana dze laser, kana zvichienderana nekushandisa kwe laser, inogona kupatsanurwa mu gasi laser, laser yakasimba, semiconductor laser, nezvimwewo.
1, kupatsanurwa kwegasi nelaser: atomu, molecule, ion;
Chinhu chinoshanda chegasi laser igesi kana simbi utsi, iyo inoratidzwa nekuwanda kwemafungu emagetsi anoburitswa nelaser. Inonyanya kushandiswa ilaser yeCO2, umo CO2 inoshandiswa sechinhu chinoshanda kugadzira infrared laser ye10.6um nekukurudza kubuda kwemagetsi.
Nekuti chinhu chinoshanda chegasi laser igesi, chimiro chose chelaser chakakura zvakanyanya, uye hupamhi hwemafungu egasi laser hwakareba zvakanyanya, mashandiro ekugadzirisa zvinhu haana kunaka. Saka, gasi lasers dzakakurumidza kubviswa pamusika, uye dzakangoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakati wandei, dzakadai sekuisa chiratidzo chelaser pane zvimwe zvikamu zvepurasitiki.
2, laser yakasimbakurongwa: rubhi, Nd:YAG, nezvimwewo;
Chinhu chinoshanda che solid state laser iruby, neodymium glass, Yttrium aluminium garnet (YAG), nezvimwewo, inova huwandu hushoma hwemaion akabatanidzwa zvakafanana mukristaro kana girazi rechinhu ichi se matrix, inonzi active ions.
Laser yakasimba inoumbwa nezvinhu zvinoshanda, sisitimu yekupomba, resonator uye sisitimu yekutonhodza nekusefa. Sikweya nhema iri pakati pemufananidzo uri pazasi ikristaro yelaser, inotaridzika segirazi rinopenya rine ruvara rwakajeka uye ine kristaro inopenya yakashongedzwa nesimbi dzepasi dzisingawanzoonekwi. Chimiro chakakosha cheatomu yesimbi isingawanzoonekwi inoumba inversion yehuwandu hwezvinhu zvidiki kana yakavhenekerwa nechiedza (ingonzwisisa kuti mabhora mazhinji pasi anosundirwa mumhepo), uye yozoburitsa maphoton kana zvikamu zvikachinja, uye kana huwandu hwemaphoton hwakwana, kuumbwa kwelaser. Kuti uve nechokwadi chekuti laser inoburitswa inoburitswa nenzira imwe chete, kune magirazi akazara (lenzi yekuruboshwe) uye magirazi emagetsi anobuda semi-reflective (lenzi yekurudyi). Kana laser inoburitswa uye kuburikidza nedhizaini yakati yemaziso, kuumbwa kwesimba relaser.

3, laser ye semiconductor
Kana zvasvika kuma semiconductor lasers, zvinogona kungonzwisiswa se photodiode, pane PN junction mu diode, uye kana imwe current yawedzerwa, shanduko yemagetsi mu semiconductor inoumbwa kuti ibudise ma photons, zvichikonzera laser. Kana simba re laser rinoburitswa ne semiconductor riri diki, mudziyo we semiconductor une simba shoma unogona kushandiswa sepombi inoburitsa (excitation source) yelaser yefaibha, saka fiber laser inoumbwa. Kana simba re semiconductor laser rikawedzera kusvika pakuti rinogona kuburitswa zvakananga kuti rigadziriswe, rinova direct semiconductor laser. Parizvino, direct semiconductor lasers dziri pamusika dzasvika padanho re10,000-watts.

Kuwedzera kune ma laser akati wandei ari pamusoro apa, vanhu vakagadzirawo ma laser emvura, anozivikanwawo sema laser emafuta. Ma laser emvura akaomarara muhukuru uye zvinhu zvinoshanda kupfuura zvinhu zvakasimba uye haawanzo shandiswa.