Chikamu Chechimwe
1, kuongororwa kunoitwa nenzira chaiyo yepanyama, kusiyanisa huwandu hwemaparamita akayerwa huri hwemhando yakati, kuitira kuona kana maparamita akayerwa akakodzera kana kuti huwandu hwemaparamita huripo. Maitiro ekuenzanisa huwandu husingazivikanwe hwakayerwa nehuwandu hwakajairika hwemhando imwe chete, kusarudza huwandu hwakawanda hwehuwandu hwakajairika hwakayerwa nechikwata chakayerwa, uye kuratidza huwandu uhwu nenhamba.
Mubasa rekushandisa otomatiki uye kuona, basa rekuona harisi rekuongorora nekuyera zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa kana zvigadzirwa zvakapedzwa zvishoma chete, asiwo kuti uongorore, utarise uye utonge maitiro ekugadzira kana chinhu chinofamba kuti chive mumamiriro akanakisa akasarudzwa nevanhu, zvakakosha kuona nekuyera saizi nekuchinja kwema parameter akasiyana chero nguva. Iyi tekinoroji yekuona nekuyera maitiro ekugadzira nezvinhu zvinofamba panguva chaiyo inonziwo tekinoroji yekuongorora engineering.
Kune mhando mbiri dzekuyera: kuyera zvakananga uye kuyera zvisina kunanga
Kuyera zvakananga kunoreva kuyera kukosha kwakayerwa kwekuverenga kwemita pasina kuverengerwa, zvakaita se: kushandisa thermometer kuyera tembiricha, kushandisa multimeter kuyera voltage
Kuyera zvisina kunanga kunoreva kuyera huwandu hwakawanda hwemuviri hune chekuita nekuyerwa, uye kuverenga kukosha kwakayerwa kuburikidza nehukama hunoshanda. Semuenzaniso, simba P rine chekuita nevoltage V necurrent I, kureva, P=VI, uye simba rinoverengerwa nekuyera voltage necurrent.
Kuyera zvakananga kuri nyore uye kuri nyore, uye kunowanzo shandiswa pakuita. Zvisinei, kana kuyera zvakananga kusingaite, kuyera zvakananga kunenge kusina kunaka kana kukanganisa kwakananga kuri kukuru, kuyera kusina kunanga kunogona kushandiswa.
Pfungwa ye sensor ye photoelectric uye sensor
Basa resensor nderekushandura huwandu husiri hwemagetsi kuita huwandu hwemagetsi hunoburitsa hune hukama hwakanangana, hunova hunobatanidza system yehuwandu husiri hwemagetsi nesystem yehuwandu hwemagetsi. Mukuita kwekuona nekudzora, sensor chishandiso chakakosha chekushandura. Kubva pakuona kwesimba, sensor inogona kukamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: imwe i sensor yekudzora simba, inozivikanwawo se active sensor; Imwe i sensor yekutendeuka kwesimba, inozivikanwawo se passive sensor. Sensor yekudzora simba inoreva sensor ichayerwa mukushandurwa kwema parameter emagetsi (akadai se resistance, capacitance) shanduko, sensor inoda kuwedzera simba rinonakidza, inogona kuyerwa parameters shanduko mu voltage, shanduko dzemagetsi. Sensor yekutendeuka kwesimba inogona kushandura zvakananga shanduko yakayerwa kuita shanduko ye voltage ne current, pasina sosi yekunze yekufadza.
Kazhinji, huwandu husiri hwemagetsi hunofanira kuyerwa hausi rudzi rwehuwandu husiri hwemagetsi hunogona kushandurwa nesensor, izvo zvinoda kuwedzera mudziyo kana mudziyo pamberi pesensor unogona kushandura huwandu husiri hwemagetsi hwakayerwa kuita huwandu husiri hwemagetsi hunogona kugamuchirwa nesensor uye kushandurwa. Chikamu kana mudziyo unogona kushandura husiri hwemagetsi hwakayerwa kuita magetsi aripo isensor. Semuenzaniso, pakuyera voltage neresistive strain gauge, zvakakosha kubatanidza strain gauge kune elastic element ye selling pressure, elastic element inoshandura strain pressure kuita strain force, uye strain gauge inoshandura strain force kuita shanduko mu resistance. Pano strain gauge isensor, uye elastic element isensor. Zvese sensor nesensor zvinogona kushandura husiri hwemagetsi hwakayerwa chero nguva, asi sensor inoshandura husiri hwemagetsi hwakayerwa kuita husiri hwemagetsi huripo, uye sensor inoshandura husiri hwemagetsi hwakayerwa kuita magetsi.
2, sensor yemagetsiYakavakirwa pamhedzisiro yemagetsi, chiratidzo chechiedza chinoiswa mu sensor yemagetsi, chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukutonga otomatiki, mundege, redhiyo neterevhizheni nedzimwe nzvimbo.
Ma sensor e photoelectric anosanganisira ma photodiodes, ma phototransistors, ma photoresistor ma CD, ma photocouplers, ma photoelectric sensors akagarwa nhaka, ma photocells uye ma image sensors. Tafura yemhando huru inoratidzwa mumufananidzo uri pazasi. Mukushanda kwayo, zvakakosha kusarudza sensor yakakodzera kuti uwane mhedzisiro inodiwa. Nheyo huru yekusarudza ndeiyi:kuonekwa kwemagetsi emagetsi nekukurumidzadunhu, dhayamita yechiedza yakasiyana-siyana, sensor yelaser inomhanyisa zvakanyanya inofanira kusarudza photodiode; sensor yekupisa ine pulse photoelectric ine zviuru zvakati wandei zveHertz uye switch yekupisa ine pulse photoelectric inomhanyisa zvishoma mudunhu riri nyore inofanira kusarudza phototransistor; Kunyangwe kumhanya kwekupindura kuchinonoka, sensor yekudzivirira bhiriji ine mashandiro akanaka uye sensor yekupisa ine hunyanzvi hwekudzivirira, sensor yekupisa ine mwenje inotenderera otomatiki yerambi remugwagwa, uye resistance inoshanduka zvinoenderana nesimba rechiedza inofanira kusarudza zvinhu zvinonzwa chiedza zveCds nePbs; Rotary encoders, speed sensors uye ultra-high speed laser sensors dzinofanira kunge dzakasanganiswa photoelectric sensors.
Rudzi rwesensa yemagetsi Muenzaniso wesensa yemagetsi
Nharaunda yePNPhotodiode yePN(Si, Ge, GaAs)
PIN Photodiode (Zvinhu zveSi)
Avalanche photodiode(Si, Ge)
Phototransistor (chubhu yePhotoDarlington) (Zvinhu zveSi)
Sensor ye photoelectric yakabatanidzwa uye photoelectric thyristor (Si material)
Non-pn junction photocell (zvinhu zvinoshandiswa neCdS, CdSe, Se, PbS)
Zvikamu zveThermoelectric (zvinhu zvinoshandiswa (PZT, LiTaO3, PbTiO3)
chubhu yemhando ye electron chubhu, chubhu yekamera, chubhu ye photomultiplier
Mamwe masensa anonzwa mavara (Si, zvinhu zveα-Si)
Sensor yemufananidzo yakasimba (Si zvinhu, CCD mhando, MOS mhando, CPD mhando
Chinhu chekuona nzvimbo (PSD) (zvinhu zveSi)
Photocell (Photodiode) (Si yezvinhu)
Nguva yekutumira: Chikunguru-18-2023