Mhedziso yemutsara optics uye nonlinear optics
Zvichienderana nekudyidzana kwechiedza nenyaya, optics inogona kukamurwa kuita linear optics (LO) uye nonlinear optics (NLO). Linear optics (LO) ndiyo hwaro hwechinyakare optics, inotarisana nemutsara wekudyidzana kwechiedza. Kusiyana neizvi, nonlinear optics (NLO) inoitika apo chiedza chechiedza chisina kuenzana zvakananga nemhinduro yemaziso ezvinyorwa, kunyanya pasi pemamiriro epamusoro-soro, akadai se lasers.
Linear Optics (LO)
MuLO, chiedza chinodyidzana nenyaya pakadzika dzika, kazhinji chinosanganisira fotoni imwe paatomu kana molecule. Kudyidzana uku kunoguma nekukanganiswa kushoma kweatomu kana molecular state, ichiramba iri muchimiro chayo, chisina kukanganiswa. Iyo yakakosha musimboti muLO ndeyekuti dipole rinokonzereswa nemunda wemagetsi rinoenderana zvakanangana nesimba remunda. Naizvozvo, LO inogutsa misimboti yepamusoro uye yekuwedzera. Iyo superposition musimboti inotaura kuti kana sisitimu ichiiswa pasi peakawanda emagetsi mafungu, mhinduro yakazara yakaenzana nehuwandu hwemhinduro dzega kune imwe neimwe wave. Kuwedzera kunoratidza zvakafanana kuti mhinduro yese yeyakaoma optical system inogona kugadziriswa nekubatanidza mhinduro dzezvinhu zvayo. Linearity muLO zvinoreva kuti hunhu hwechiedza hunogara huchichinja sezvo kusimba kunochinja - zvinobuda zvinoenderana nekupinda. Uye zvakare, muLO, hapana frequency kusanganisa, saka mwenje unopfuura neakadaro sisitimu inochengeta frequency yayo kunyangwe ikaita amplification kana chikamu chekugadzirisa. Mienzaniso yeLO inosanganisira kudyidzana kwechiedza nezvinhu zvekutanga zvemaziso zvakaita semalenzi, magirazi, mahwendefa ewave, uye diffraction gratings.
Nonlinear Optics (NLO)
NLO inosiyaniswa nekupindura kwayo kusingaite kune mwenje wakasimba, kunyanya pasi peyakanyanya kusimba mamiriro apo iyo inobuda haina kuenzana nesimba rekupinza. MuNLO, mafotoni akawanda anopindirana nezvinhu panguva imwe chete, zvichikonzera kusanganiswa kwechiedza uye kuchinja mune refractive index. Kusiyana neLO, uko maitiro akareruka anoramba achienderana zvisinei nekusimba, zvisizvo zvisingaite zvinongobuda pachena pakunyanya kusimba kwechiedza. Pakusimba uku, iyo mitemo inowanzo tonga kupindirana kwechiedza, senge superposition musimboti, haichashandi, uye kunyangwe iyo vacuum pachayo inogona kuita zvisina tsarukano. Kusawirirana mukubatana pakati pechiedza uye nyaya kunobvumira kupindirana pakati pemagetsi akasiyana-siyana, zvichiita kuti zviitike zvakadai sekugadzirwa kweharmonic, uye sum uye mutsauko wechizvarwa. Uye zvakare, nonlinear optics inosanganisira parametric maitiro umo simba rechiedza rinogovaniswazve kugadzira ma frequency matsva, sezvinoonekwa mune parametric amplification uye oscillation. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndeye self-phase modulation, umo chikamu chemwenje wave chinoshandurwa nekusimba kwayo - chiitiko chinoita basa rakakosha mukutaurirana kwemaziso.
Kupindirana kwechiedza-chinhu mumutsara uye nonlinear optics
MuLO, kana chiedza chichipindirana nechinhu, mhinduro yezvinyorwa inonyatsoenderana nehukuru hwechiedza. Kusiyana neizvi, NLO inosanganisira zvinhu zvinopindura kwete chete kusimba kwechiedza, asiwo nenzira dzakaoma. Kana chiedza chepamusoro-soro chikarova chinhu chisina mutsara, chinogona kuburitsa mavara matsva kana kuchinja chiedza nenzira dzisina kujairika. Semuyenzaniso, mwenje dzvuku unogona kushandurwa kuita mwenje wegirinhi nekuti mhinduro yechinhu ichi inosanganisira zvinopfuura kungochinja-chinja - inogona kusanganisira kupetwa kaviri kana kumwe kupindirana kwakaoma. Maitiro aya anotungamira kune yakaomesesa seti yeoptical mhedzisiro isingaonekwe mune zvakajairwa mutsara zvinhu.
Zvishandiso zvemitsetse uye isina mutsara optical matekiniki
LO inovhara huwandu hwakasiyana hweakashandiswa zvakanyanya tekinoroji, kusanganisira lenzi, magirazi, wave mahwendefa, uye diffraction gratings. Inopa chimiro chakareruka uye chinogadziriswa chekunzwisisa maitiro echiedza mune akawanda optical masisitimu. Zvishandiso zvakadai semafase shifters uye matanda anopatsanura anowanzo shandiswa muLO, uye munda wakashanduka kusvika padanho rekuti LO matunhu awana mukurumbira. Aya maseketi ave kuonekwa seakawanda-anoshanda maturusi, ane maapplication munzvimbo dzakaita semicrowave uye quantum optical signal processing uye arikubuda bioheuristic computing architectures. NLO ichiri nyowani uye yakachinja minda yakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nekushandisa kwayo kwakasiyana. Mumunda wekufonera, inoita basa rakakosha mufiber optic masisitimu, inokanganisa miganho yekufambisa data sezvo simba relaser rinowedzera. Maturusi ekuongorora anobatsirwa kubva kuNLO kuburikidza nemhando yepamusoro microscope maitiro senge confocal microscopy, iyo inopa yakakwirira-resolution, yenzvimbo yekufungidzira. NLO zvakare inokwidziridza lasers nekugonesa kuvandudzwa kwema lasers matsva uye kugadzirisa optical zvivakwa. Yakavandudzawo maitiro ekufungidzira kwemaziso ekushandiswa kwemishonga nekushandisa nzira dzakadai sechipiri-harmonic chizvarwa uye maviri-photon fluorescence. Mune biophotonics, NLO inofambisa kufungidzira kwakadzama kwematishu ane kukuvadzwa kushoma uye inopa kunyora kwemahara biochemical musiyano. Munda uyu une tekinoroji yepamusoro yeterahertz, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kugadzira yakanyanya kusimba imwe-nguva terahertz pulses. Mune quantum optics, nonlinear mhedzisiro inofambisa quantum kutaurirana kuburikidza nekugadzirira kwema frequency converters uye entangled photon yakaenzana. Pamusoro pezvo, zvitsva zveNLO muBrillouin kuparadzira zvakabatsira nekugadzirisa microwave uye chiedza chikamu chekubatanidza. Pakazere, NLO inoenderera mberi nekusundidzira miganhu yetekinoroji uye tsvagiridzo pane dzakasiyana siyana.
Linear uye nonlinear optics uye zvazvinoreva kune advanced tekinoroji
Optics inoita basa rakakosha mune zvese zvemazuva ese zvikumbiro uye tekinoroji yepamusoro. LO inopa hwaro hweakawanda akajairwa optical masisitimu, nepo NLO ichityaira hunyanzvi munzvimbo dzakadai senhare, microscope, laser tekinoroji, uye biophotonics. Kufambira mberi kwazvino muNLO, kunyanya sekune hukama kune-maviri-dimensional zvinhu, zvakawana kutariswa kwakawanda nekuda kwekugona kwavo maindasitiri nesainzi mashandisiro. Masayendisiti ari kuongorora zvakare zvinhu zvemazuva ano senge quantum dots nekutevedzana kuongororwa kwemutsara uye nonlinear zvivakwa. Sezvo tsvakiridzo ichifambira mberi, kunzwisisa kwakasanganiswa kweLO neNLO kwakakosha kusunda miganhu yetekinoroji uye nekuwedzera mikana yesainzi yemaziso.
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-11-2024