Pfupiso ye linear optics uye nonlinear optics
Zvichibva pakubatana kwechiedza nezvinhu, ma optics anogona kukamurwa kuita linear optics (LO) uye nonlinear optics (NLO). Linear optics (LO) ndiyo hwaro hweclassical optics, inotarisa pakubatana kwechiedza. Kusiyana neizvi, nonlinear optics (NLO) inoitika kana simba rechiedza risingaenderane zvakananga nemhinduro yechiedza, kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu ane glare yakakwira, senge lasers.
Linear Optics (LO)
MuLO, chiedza chinosangana nezvinhu zvine simba shoma, kazhinji zvinosanganisira photon imwe chete paatomu kana molekyuru. Kusangana uku kunoita kuti pave nekukanganisika kushoma kweatomu kana molekyuru, zvichiramba zviri mumamiriro azvo echisikigo, zvisina kukanganiswa. Nheyo huru muLO ndeyekuti dipole inokonzerwa nemagetsi inoenderana zvakananga nesimba remunda. Nokudaro, LO inozadzisa misimboti ye superposition uye additivity. Nheyo yepamusoro inotaura kuti kana sisitimu ikaiswa pasi pemafungu akawanda emagetsi, mhinduro yese yakaenzana nehuwandu hwemhinduro dzemunhu mumwe nemumwe kune wave yega yega. Kuwedzera kunoratidzawo kuti mhinduro yese yesystem yakaoma ye optical inogona kutsanangurwa nekubatanidza mhinduro dzezvinhu zvayo zvega. Linearity muLO inoreva kuti maitiro echiedza anogara aripo sezvo simba richichinja - kubuda kunoenderana nekupinda. Pamusoro pezvo, muLO, hapana kusanganiswa kwema frequency, saka chiedza chinopfuura nesisitimu yakadaro chinochengetedza frequency yaro kunyangwe chikagadziriswa kana kugadziriswa kwechikamu. Mienzaniso yeLO inosanganisira kusangana kwechiedza nezvinhu zve optical zvekutanga zvakaita se lenses, magirazi, ma wave plates, uye diffraction gratings.
Nonlinear Optics (NLO)
NLO inosiyaniswa nemhinduro yayo isina kurongeka kuchiedza chakasimba, kunyanya mumamiriro ekupisa kwakanyanya apo kubuda kwayo kusina kuenzana nesimba rekupinda. MuNLO, maphotoni akawanda anosangana nezvinhu panguva imwe chete, zvichikonzera kusanganiswa kwechiedza nekuchinja kwe refractive index. Kusiyana neLO, uko maitiro echiedza anoramba akafanana pasinei nekusimba, mhedzisiro isina kurongeka inongoonekwa chete pakusimba kwechiedza kwakanyanya. Pakusimba uku, mitemo inowanzo tonga kupindirana kwechiedza, senge superposition principle, haichashandi, uye kunyange vacuum pachayo inogona kuita zvisina kurongeka. Kusarongeka mukubatana pakati pechiedza nechinhu kunobvumira kupindirana pakati pemafrequencies akasiyana echiedza, zvichikonzera zviitiko zvakaita se harmonic generation, uye sum and difference frequency generation. Pamusoro pezvo, nonlinear optics inosanganisira maitiro eparametric umo simba rechiedza rinogoverwazve kuti rigadzire mafrequencies matsva, sezvinoonekwa mu parametric amplification uye oscillation. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha i self-phase modulation, umo phase ye light wave inoshandurwa nekusimba kwayo - mhedzisiro inoita basa rakakosha mukutaurirana kwe optical.
Kudyidzana kwezvinhu zvechiedza mumagetsi akajeka uye asina kujeka
MuLO, kana chiedza chikabatana nechinhu, mhinduro yezvinhu zvinoenderana nekusimba kwechiedza. Kusiyana neizvi, NLO inosanganisira zvinhu zvinopindura kwete chete kusimba kwechiedza, asiwo nenzira dzakaoma kunzwisisa. Kana chiedza chakasimba chikarova chinhu chisina kurongeka, chinogona kugadzira mavara matsva kana kuchinja chiedza nenzira dzisina kujairika. Semuenzaniso, chiedza chitsvuku chinogona kushandurwa kuita chiedza chegirini nekuti mhinduro yezvinhu inosanganisira zvinopfuura kungochinja kwakaenzana - zvinogona kusanganisira kuwanda kwema frequency kana kumwe kudyidzana kwakaoma. Maitiro aya anotungamira kune seti yakaoma yemhedzisiro yemaziso isingaonekwe muzvinhu zvakajairika zvemutsara.
Mashandisirwo enzira dzekutarisa dzakatwasuka uye dzisiri dzetambo
LO inofukidza matekinoroji akasiyana-siyana anoshandiswa zvakanyanya ekuona, anosanganisira malenzi, magirazi, mawave plates, uye ma diffraction gratings. Inopa hurongwa huri nyore uye hunogona kuverengerwa hwekunzwisisa maitiro echiedza mumasisitimu mazhinji ekuona. Midziyo yakaita sema phase shifters uye beam splitters inowanzo shandiswa muLO, uye munda wacho wakashanduka kusvika padanho apo ma LO circuits awana mukurumbira. Ma circuits aya ikozvino anoonekwa sematurusi ane mabasa akawanda, ane mashandisirwo munzvimbo dzakadai se microwave ne quantum optical signal processing uye emergency bioheuristic computing architectures. NLO ichangobva kutsva uye yakachinja minda yakasiyana-siyana kuburikidza nemashandisirwo ayo akasiyana-siyana. Mumunda wekutaurirana, inoita basa guru mu fiber optic systems, ichikanganisa miganhu yekutumira data sezvo simba re laser richiwedzera. Maturusi ekuongorora anobatsirwa neNLO kuburikidza nematekiniki epamusoro e microscopy akadai se confocal microscopy, iyo inopa high-resolution, localized imaging. NLO inowedzerawo ma lasers nekugonesa kugadzirwa kwema lasers matsva uye kugadzirisa maitiro e optical. Yakavandudzawo matekiniki e optical imaging ekushandiswa kwemishonga nekushandisa nzira dzakadai se second-harmonic generation uye two-photon fluorescence. Mu biophotonics, NLO inobatsira kudhirowa mifananidzo yakadzika yematishu pasina kukuvara kwakanyanya uye inopa labeling free biochemical contrast. Nzvimbo iyi ine tekinoroji yepamusoro yeterahertz, zvichiita kuti zvikwanisike kugadzira mapulses eterahertz enguva imwe chete. Mu quantum optics, nonlinear effects inobatsira kutaurirana kwe quantum kuburikidza nekugadzirira ma frequency converters uye enclosed photon equivalents. Pamusoro pezvo, hunyanzvi hweNLO muBrillouin scattering hwakabatsira mu microwave processing uye light phase conjugation. Kazhinji, NLO inoramba ichisundira miganhu ye tekinoroji nekutsvagisa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Optics dzakatsetseka nedzisiri dzakatsetseka uye zvadzinoreva kune matekinoroji epamusoro
Magirazi ekuona (Optics) anoita basa guru mukushandiswa kwezuva nezuva uye matekinoroji epamusoro. LO inopa hwaro hwemasisitimu akawanda ekuona akajairika, nepo NLO ichitungamira hunyanzvi munzvimbo dzakadai sekutaurirana, microscopy, tekinoroji yelaser, uye biophotonics. Kufambira mberi munguva pfupi yapfuura muNLO, kunyanya sezvo kwakabatana nezvinhu zvine mativi maviri, kwave kutariswa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekushandiswa kwazvinoita mumaindasitiri nesainzi. Masayendisiti ari kuongororawo zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvakaita sequantum dots nekuongorora kwakatevedzana kwehunhu hwemutsara neusiri mutsara. Sezvo tsvakiridzo ichifambira mberi, kunzwisisa kwakabatana kweLO neNLO kwakakosha pakusundira miganhu yetekinoroji uye kuwedzera mikana yesainzi yekuona.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-11-2024