Laser yekurova kwemoyo yeTW kirasi yeattosecond X-ray

Laser yekurova kwemoyo yeTW kirasi yeattosecond X-ray
X-ray yeAttosecondlaser yekurova kwemoyoNesimba guru uye nguva pfupi yekurova kwemoyo ndizvo zvakakosha kuti uwane ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy uye X-ray diffraction imaging. Chikwata chekutsvagisa muUnited States chakashandisa cascade yezvikamu zviviri.Malaser emagetsi asina maekisireikuburitsa mapuroseji e-attosecond akasiyana. Zvichienzaniswa nemishumo iripo, avhareji yesimba repamusoro remapuroseji inowedzerwa nehukuru hwakasiyana, simba repamusoro-soro i1.1 TW, uye simba repakati rinodarika 100 μJ. Chidzidzo ichi chinopawo humbowo hwakasimba hwemaitiro e soliton-like superradiation mumunda weX-ray.Malaser ane simba guruzvakatungamira nzvimbo dzakawanda itsva dzekutsvagisa, kusanganisira high-field physics, attosecond spectroscopy, uye laser particle accelerators. Pakati pemarudzi ese ema laser, ma X-ray anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuongorora zvokurapa, kuona zvikanganiso zveindasitiri, kuongorora kuchengetedzeka uye kutsvagisa kwesainzi. Iyo X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) inogona kuwedzera simba reX-ray repamusoro nematanho akati wandei ehukuru zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe tekinoroji dzekugadzira X-ray, nokudaro ichiwedzera kushandiswa kweX-rays mumunda we nonlinear spectroscopy uye single-particle diffraction imaging uko simba rakawanda rinodiwa. Attosecond XFEL yakabudirira munguva pfupi yapfuura ibudiriro huru musainzi netekinoroji yeattosecond, ichiwedzera simba repamusoro riripo nematanho anopfuura matanhatu ehukuru zvichienzaniswa nebenchtop X-ray sources.

Malaser emagetsi emaharainogona kuwana simba rekurova kwemoyo rakawanda kupfuura mwero wesimba rekuparara kwemweya uchishandisa kusagadzikana kweboka, uko kunokonzerwa nekudyidzana kunoramba kuripo kwemunda wemwaranzi mumwaranzi wemagetsi unoenderana uye magnetic oscillator. Muhuwandu hwakaoma hweX-ray (inenge 0.01 nm kusvika 0.1 nm wavelength), FEL inowanikwa nekushandisa nzira dzekubatanidza mabundle uye post-saturation coning. Muhuwandu hwakapfava hweX-ray (inenge 0.1 nm kusvika 10 nm wavelength), FEL inoshandiswa necascade fresh-slice technology. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, attosecond pulses ine simba repamusoro re100 GW yakataurwa kuti inogadzirwa uchishandisa nzira ye enhanced self-amplified spontaneous emission (ESASE).

Chikwata chekutsvagisa chakashandisa sisitimu yekuwedzera simba ine matanho maviri yakavakirwa paXFEL kuti iwedzere kubuda kweX-ray attosecond pulse kubva ku linac coherent.chiedza chinobvakusvika padanho reTW, kurongeka kwekuvandudzwa kukuru kupfuura zvakataurwa. Kugadziriswa kwekuyedza kunoratidzwa muMufananidzo 1. Zvichibva panzira yeESASE, photocathode emitter inogadziriswa kuti iwane danda remaerekitironi rine spike yakakwira, uye inoshandiswa kugadzira attosecond X-ray pulses. Kurova kwekutanga kuri pamucheto wepamberi wespike yedanda remaerekitironi, sezvakaratidzwa mukona yepamusoro kuruboshwe yeMufananidzo 1. Kana XFEL yasvika pakuzara, danda remaerekitironi rinononoka kana tichienzanisa neX-ray ne magnetic compressor, uye ipapo pulse inosangana ne electron beam (fresh slice) isingachinjiki ne ESASE modulation kana FEL laser. Pakupedzisira, second magnetic undulator inoshandiswa kuwedzera kuwedzera maX-ray kuburikidza nekubatana kwe attosecond pulses ne fresh slice.

Mufananidzo 1 Dhayagiramu yechishandiso chekuyedza; Mufananidzo unoratidza nzvimbo yechikamu chenguva refu (dhayagiramu yesimba renguva yeerekitironi, girini), chimiro chezvino (bhuruu), uye mwaranzi inogadzirwa nekuwedzera kweodha yekutanga (pepuru). XTCAV, X-band transverse cavity; cVMI, coaxial rapid mapping imaging system; FZP, Fresnel band plate spectrometer

Mapurose ese e attosecond akavakwa neruzha, saka pulse yega yega ine hunhu hwakasiyana hwe spectral uye time-domain, izvo vaongorori vakaongorora zvakadzama. Panyaya ye spectra, vakashandisa Fresnel band plate spectrometer kuyera ma spectra emapurose ega ega pahurefu hwakasiyana hwe undulator, uye vakaona kuti ma spectra aya akaramba aine ma waveform akatsetseka kunyangwe mushure mekuwedzera kwechipiri, zvichiratidza kuti mapurose airamba ari ega. Munzvimbo yenguva, angular fringe inoyerwa uye time domain waveform ye pulse inoonekwa. Sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 1, X-ray pulse inopindirana ne circularly polarized infrared laser pulse. Ma photoelectrons anoshandiswa ne X-ray pulse achaburitsa mitsetse munzira yakatarisana ne vector potential ye infrared laser. Nekuti simba remagetsi re laser rinotenderera nenguva, momentum distribution ye photoelectron inosarudzwa nenguva ye emission ye electron, uye hukama huripo pakati pe angular mode yenguva ye emission uye momentum distribution ye photoelectron inosimbiswa. Kupararira kwe photoelectron momentum kunoyerwa uchishandisa coaxial fast mapping imaging spectrometer. Zvichibva pamhedzisiro yekugoverwa uye spectral, nguva-domain waveform ye attosecond pulses inogona kugadzirwazve. Mufananidzo 2 (a) unoratidza kugoverwa kwenguva yekurova kwemoyo, nepakati pe440 se. Pakupedzisira, gas monitoring detector yakashandiswa kuyera simba rekurova kwemoyo, uye scatter plot pakati pe peak pulse power nenguva yekurova kwemoyo sezvakaratidzwa muMufananidzo 2 (b) yakaverengerwa. Magadzirirwo matatu aya anoenderana nemamiriro akasiyana e electron beam focusing, mamiriro e waver coning uye mamiriro ekunonoka kwe magnetic compressor. Magadzirirwo matatu aya akapa avhareji yesimba rekurova kwemoyo re150, 200, uye 260 µJ, zvichiteerana, nesimba repamusoro re1.1 TW.

Mufananidzo 2. (a) Kupararira kwehistogram yehafu-kureba kwehupamhi hwakazara (FWHM) nguva yekurova kwemoyo; (b) Chidimbu chekuparadzira chinoenderana nesimba repamusoro uye nguva yekurova kwemoyo

Pamusoro pezvo, chidzidzo ichi chakaonawo kekutanga chiitiko che soliton-like superemission mu X-ray band, iyo inoonekwa sekupfupika kwepulse nguva nenguva panguva yekuwedzera. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekudyidzana kwakasimba pakati pemaerekitironi nemwaranzi, simba richikurumidza kutamiswa kubva paerekitironi kuenda kumusoro weX-ray pulse uye kudzokera kuerekitironi kubva kumuswe wekurova kwemoyo. Kuburikidza nekudzidza kwakadzama kwechiitiko ichi, zvinotarisirwa kuti maX-ray pulse ane nguva pfupi uye simba repamusoro-soro anogona kuwedzeredzwa nekuwedzera maitiro ekuwedzera kwemwaranzi uye kushandisa mukana wepfupiso yepulse mu soliton-like mode.