TW kirasi attosecond X-ray pulse laser

TW kirasi attosecond X-ray pulse laser
Attosecond X-raypulse laserine simba rakawanda uye pfupi pulse duration ndiyo kiyi yekuwana ultrafast nonlinear spectroscopy uye X-ray diffraction imaging. Chikwata chekutsvakurudza muUnited States chakashandisa cascade yezvikamu zviviriX-ray yemahara erekitironi laserskuburitsa discrete attosecond pulses. Kuenzaniswa nemishumo iripo, chiyero chepamusoro pesimba remapulses chinowedzerwa nekurongeka kwehukuru, iyo yepamusoro peak simba ndeye 1.1 TW, uye yepakati simba inopfuura 100 μJ. Chidzidzo ichi zvakare chinopa humbowo hwakasimba hwe soliton-senge superradiation maitiro mumunda weX-ray.High-simba lasersvakafambisa nzvimbo zhinji nyowani dzekutsvagisa, kusanganisira yakakwira-munda fizikisi, attosecond spectroscopy, uye laser particle accelerators. Pakati pemarudzi ese ema lasers, X-rays anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuongororwa kwekurapa, kuona kukanganisa kwemaindasitiri, kuongorora kuchengetedza uye tsvagiridzo yesainzi. Iyo X-ray yemahara-electron laser (XFEL) inogona kuwedzera simba repamusoro-soro reX-ray nemirairo yakati wandei yehukuru kana ichienzaniswa nemamwe matekinoroji echizvarwa cheX-ray, nekudaro ichiwedzera mashandisirwo eX-rays kumunda weiyo nonlinear spectroscopy uye imwe- particle diffraction imaging apo simba guru rinodiwa. Iyo ichangoburwa yakabudirira attosecond XFEL kubudirira kukuru mune attosecond sainzi uye tekinoroji, kuwedzera simba rinowanikwa repamusoro nemaodha anopfuura matanhatu ehukuru zvichienzaniswa nebenchtop X-ray masosi.

Mahara erekitironi lasersinogona kuwana pulse simba mirairo yakawanda yehukuru kupfuura iyo inongoerekana yabuda nhanho uchishandisa kusagadzikana kwekubatana, izvo zvinokonzerwa nekuenderera mberi kwekudyidzana kwemwaranzi munda murelativistic electron beam uye magineti oscillator. Mune yakaoma X-ray renji (inenge 0.01 nm kusvika 0.1 nm wavelength), FEL inowanikwa nekumanikidza masumbu uye post-saturation coning maitiro. Mune yakapfava X-ray renji (inenge 0.1 nm kusvika 10 nm wavelength), FEL inoshandiswa necascade fresh-slice tekinoroji. Nguva pfupi yadarika, attosecond pulses ine simba repamusoro re100 GW anonzi akagadzirwa pachishandiswa nzira yakakwidziridzwa yeself-amplified spontaneous emission (ESASE).

Chikwata chekutsvagisa chakashandisa maviri-nhanho amplification system yakavakirwa paXFEL kukwidziridza yakapfava X-ray attosecond pulse kubuda kubva kune linac coherent.light sourcekusvika padanho reTW, hurongwa hwekuvandudzwa kwehukuru pane zvakashumwa zvabuda. Iyo yekuedza setup inoratidzwa muFigure 1. Kubva pane ESASE nzira, iyo photocathode emitter inogadziriswa kuti iwane electron beam ine high current spike, uye inoshandiswa kugadzira attosecond X-ray pulses. Mhepo yekutanga inowanikwa kumucheto wepamberi we spike ye electron beam, sezvinoratidzwa mukona yepamusoro yekuruboshwe yeMufananidzo 1. Kana XFEL inosvika pakuzara, tambo ye electron inononoka maererano ne-X-ray nemagnetic compressor, uye ipapo puru inopindirana ne electron beam (fresh slice) iyo isina kuchinjwa neESASE modulation kana FEL laser. Chekupedzisira, yechipiri magineti undulator inoshandiswa kuenderera mberi nekukudza maX-rays kuburikidza nekudyidzana kweattosecond pulses nechimedu chitsva.

FIG. 1 Kuedza mudziyo dhayagiramu; Mufananidzo wacho unoratidza nzvimbo yenguva refu (yenguva-simba dhiyagiramu yeelectron, girini), chimiro chazvino (blue), uye mwaranzi inogadzirwa nekutanga-odha amplification (yepepuru). XTCAV, X-band transverse cavity; cVMI, coaxial inokurumidza mapping imaging system; FZP, Fresnel bhendi ndiro spectrometer

Yese attosecond pulses inovakwa kubva muruzha, saka imwe neimwe pulse ine akasiyana spectral uye nguva-domain zvivakwa, izvo vaongorori vakaongorora zvakadzama. Panyaya yekuona, vakashandisa Fresnel bhendi plate spectrometer kuyera spectra yemapulses ega ega pahurefu hwakasiyana hwakaenzana undulator, uye vakaona kuti aya maspectra aichengetedza mafungu akatsetseka kunyangwe mushure mekukwidziridzwa kwechipiri, zvichiratidza kuti mapurusi akaramba asina kufanana. Mune iyo nguva domain, iyo angular fringe inoyerwa uye iyo nguva domain waveform ye pulse inoratidzwa. Sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 1, iyo X-ray pulse inoputirwa neinotenderera polarized infrared laser pulse. Iwo maphotoelectrons ionized neX-ray pulse anoburitsa mitsetse munzira yakatarisana neiyo vector inogoneka ye infrared laser. Nekuda kwekuti nzvimbo yemagetsi yelaser inotenderera nekufamba kwenguva, kukurumidza kugoverwa kwephotoelectron kunotarwa nenguva yekuburitsa maerekitironi, uye hukama huri pakati peangular modhi yenguva yekuburitsa uye nekukurumidza kugovera kwephotoelectron inotangwa. Kugoverwa kwephotoelectron kasimu kunoyerwa uchishandisa coaxial inokurumidza mapping imaging spectrometer. Zvichienderana nekugovera uye mhedzisiro mhedzisiro, iyo nguva-domain waveform ye attosecond pulses inogona kuvakwa patsva. Mufananidzo 2 (a) unoratidza kugoverwa kwepilse nguva, nepakati pe440 se. Pakupedzisira, gasi rinotarisa detector rakashandiswa kuyera simba rekuputika, uye kupararira kwepakati pakati pepamusoro pesimba rekuputika uye nguva yekuputika sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 2 (b) yakaverengwa. Izvo zvitatu zvigadziriso zvinoenderana neakasiyana erekitironi danda rinotarisa mamiriro, waver coning mamiriro uye magineti compressor kunonoka mamiriro. Zvirongwa zvitatu izvi zvakapa simba repakati pepakati pe150, 200, uye 260 µJ, zvichiteerana, nesimba repamusoro re1.1 TW.

Mufananidzo 2. (a) Kugovera histogram yehafu-urefu Urefu hwakazara (FWHM) pulse duration; (b) Scatter plot inoenderana nepamusoro pesimba uye pulse nguva

Mukuwedzera, chidzidzo chacho chakacherechedzawo kekutanga chiitiko che soliton-like superemission mu X-ray bhendi, iyo inoratidzika seyokuenderera mberi kupfupika kwepulse panguva yekusimudza. Inokonzerwa nekubatana kwakasimba pakati pemaerekitironi nemwaranzi, ine simba rinokurumidza kutamiswa kubva kuerekitironi kuenda kumusoro we X-ray pulse uye kudzokera ku electron kubva kumuswe we pulse. Kuburikidza nekudzidza kwakadzama kwechiitiko ichi, zvinotarisirwa kuti maX-ray pulses ane nguva pfupi uye yakakwirira yepamusoro simba anogona kuwedzeredzwa nekuwedzera iyo superradiation amplification maitiro uye kutora mukana wekupfupisa pulse mune soliton-senge modhi.