Laser source tekinoroji yeoptical fiberkunzwa Chikamu Chekutanga
Optical fiber sensing tekinoroji imhando yetekinoroji yekunzwa yakagadziridzwa pamwe neoptical fiber tekinoroji uye optical fiber yekutaurirana tekinoroji, uye yave rimwe remapazi anoshanda zvakanyanya ephotoelectric tekinoroji. Optical fiber sensing system inonyanya kuumbwa nelaser, transmission fiber, sensing element kana modulation nharaunda, mwenje kuona uye zvimwe zvikamu. Izvo zviyero zvinotsanangura maitiro emagetsi echiedza anosanganisira kusimba, wavelength, chikamu, polarization state, etc. Iyi mitsetse inogona kuchinjwa nekunze kwekunze mune optical fiber transmission. Semuyenzaniso, kana tembiricha, kunetsa, kudzvanywa, ikozvino, kutama, kuzununguka, kutenderera, kukotama uye huwandu hwemakemikari zvinokanganisa nzira yekuona, aya maparamendi anochinja zvinoenderana. Optical fiber sensing yakavakirwa pahukama pakati peaya ma paramita uye ekunze zvinhu kuti aone hunoenderana huwandu hwemuviri.
Kune marudzi akawanda elaser sourceinoshandiswa mu optical fiber sensing systems, iyo inogona kupatsanurwa muzvikamu zviviri: inobatanaLaser sourcesuye zvisizvo zvinyoro zvinyoro, zvisingawiriranemagetsikunyanya zvinosanganisira incandescent mwenje uye mwenje-emitting diode, uye inobatana mwenje masosi inosanganisira yakasimba lasers, liquid lasers, gasi lasers,semiconductor laseruyefiber laser. Izvi zvinotevera zvakanyanya kunelaser light sourceyakashandiswa zvakanyanya mumunda wefiber sensing mumakore achangopfuura: nhete mutsara wakafara single-frequency laser, single-wavelength sweep frequency laser uye chena laser.
1.1 Zvinodiwa kune nhete linewidthlaser light sources
Optical fiber sensing system haigone kupatsanurwa kubva kune laser sosi, seyakayerwa chiratidzo chekutakura mwenje wave, laser mwenje sosi pachayo kuita, sekugadzikana kwesimba, laser linewidth, ruzha rwechikamu uye mamwe ma parameter pane optical fiber sensing system yekuona kureba, kuona. kurongeka, kunzwisiswa uye hunhu hweruzha hunoita basa rekuita. Mumakore achangopfuura, nekuvandudzwa kweakareba-yakakwirira-yakakwirira resolution optical fiber sensing masisitimu, academia neindasitiri vakaisa mberi zvakaomesesa zvinodiwa zve linewidth performance ye laser miniaturization, kunyanya mu: optical frequency domain reflection (OFDR) tekinoroji inoshandisa inowirirana. yekuona tekinoroji yekuongorora iyo backrayleigh yakapararira masaini eiyo optical fibers mune frequency domain, ine kuvharika kwakafara (zviuru zvemamita). Mabhenefiti epamusoro resolution (millimeter-level resolution) uye yakanyanya senitivity (kusvika -100 dBm) yave imwe yetekinoroji ine tarisiro yakakura yekushandisa mukugovaniswa optical fiber kuyerwa uye yekunzwa tekinoroji. Musimboti weOFDR tekinoroji ndeyekushandisa inobatika mwenje sosi kuwana optical frequency tuning, saka mashandiro eiyo laser sosi inotarisisa zvinhu zvakakosha senge OFDR yekuona huwandu, kunzwa uye kugadzirisa. Kana nzvimbo yekuratidzira iri pedyo nekureba kwekubatana, kusimba kwechiratidzo chekurohwa kuchawedzerwa zvakanyanya ne coefficient τ/τc. Kune Gaussian mwenje sosi ine spectral chimiro, kuitira kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kurova frequency kune inopfuura 90% inoonekwa, hukama pakati pemutsara wehupamhi hwemwenje sosi uye hurefu hwekunzwa hunogona kuwanikwa nehurongwa iLmax~0.04vg. /f, zvinoreva kuti kune fiber ine hurefu hwe 80 km, mutsara wehupamhi hwechiedza chechiedza huri pasi pe100 Hz. Pamusoro pezvo, kugadziridzwa kwemamwe maapplication zvakare kunoisa pamberi pepamusoro zvinodiwa pamutsara wemutsara wemwenje sosi. Semuenzaniso, mune optical fiber hydrophone system, mutsara weiyo mwenje sosi inotaridza ruzha rwehurongwa uye zvakare inotaridza iyo shoma inoyerwa chiratidzo cheiyo system. MuBrillouin optical time domain reflector (BOTDR), kuyerwa kwekugadzirisa tembiricha uye kushushikana kunonyanya kutariswa nehupamhi hwemwenje sosi. Mune resonator fiber optic gyro, kureba kwekubatana kwechiedza chinopenya kunogona kuwedzerwa nekuderedza upamhi hwemutsara wechiedza chechiedza, nekudaro kuvandudza kunaka uye resonance kudzika kwe resonator, kuderedza upamhi hwemutsara we resonator, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuyera. kurongeka kwefiber optic gyro.
1.2 Zvinodiwa zvekutsvaira laser masosi
Single wavelength sweep laser ine inochinjika wavelength tuning performance, inogona kutsiva yakawanda inobuda yakagadziriswa wavelength lasers, kuderedza mutengo wekuvaka system, chikamu chakakosha cheoptical fiber sensing system. Semuyenzaniso, mukuronda gasi faibha inonzwa, marudzi akasiyana emagasi ane nhongonya dzekunyudza gasi dzakasiyana. Kuti ive nechokwadi chekunyura kwechiedza kana gasi rekuyera rakwana uye rive nekuyeresa kuyerwa kwepamusoro, zvinodikanwa kurongedza kureba kwenzvimbo yemwenje sosi pamwe nepamusoro pekunyudza kwemorekuru wegesi. Rudzi rwegasi rinogona kuonekwa rinonyanya kutariswa newavelength yechinhu chekunzwa chiedza. Naizvozvo, nhete mutsara wakafara lasers ane yakagadzikana Broadband tuning performance ine yakakwirira kuyerwa kuchinjika mumasisitimu ekunzwa akadaro. Semuenzaniso, mune mamwe akagoverwa optical fiber sensing masisitimu akavakirwa pane optical frequency domain reflection, iyo laser inoda kukurumidza kutsvairwa nguva nenguva kuti iwane yakakwirira-chaiyo inobatana yekuona uye dhizaini yemasaini masaini, saka iyo modulation chiyero chelaser sosi ine zvakati wandei zvinodiwa. , uye kumhanya kwekutsvaira kweiyo inogadziriswa laser inowanzodiwa kuti isvike 10 pm/μs. Uye zvakare, iyo wavelength tunable yakatetepa linewidth laser inogona zvakare kushandiswa zvakanyanya muLiDAR, laser kure inonzwa uye yakakwirira-resolution spectral ongororo uye mamwe minda yekunzwa. Kuti zvizadzise zvinodikanwa zveakakwira performance parameters yetuning bandwidth, kunyatsogadzirisa uye kumhanyisa kumhanya kwema-single-wavelength lasers mumunda wefiber sensing, chinangwa chese chekudzidza tunable narrow-width fiber lasers mumakore achangopfuura ndeyekuwana yakakwirira-. kunyatsogadzirisa mune yakakura wavelength renji pahwaro hwekutsvaga Ultra-yakamanikana laser mutsara, yekupedzisira-yakaderera chikamu ruzha, uye yekupedzisira-yakagadzika kubuda frequency uye simba.
1.3 Kudiwa kwewhite laser light source
Mumunda we optical sensing, yemhando yepamusoro chena mwenje laser yakakosha kuvandudza mashandiro ehurongwa. Iyo yakafara iyo spectrum kufukidzwa kwechena mwenje laser, iyo yakanyanya kuwanda mashandisiro ayo mune optical fiber sensing system. Semuenzaniso, kana uchishandisa fiber Bragg grating (FBG) kuvaka network ye sensor, spectral ongororo kana tunable sefa yekufananidza nzira inogona kushandiswa kudzikisa. Iyo yekutanga yakashandisa spectrometer kuyedza zvakananga imwe neimwe FBG resonant wavelength mune network. Iyo yekupedzisira inoshandisa referefeta sefa kuteedzera uye kuenzanisa iyo FBG mukunzwa, zvese izvo zvinoda Broadband mwenje sosi seyedzo mwenje sosi yeFBG. Nokuti imwe neimwe yeFBG yekuwana network ichava neimwe yekuisa kurasikirwa, uye ine bandwidth inopfuura 0.1 nm, iyo imwe chete demodulation yeFBG yakawanda inoda broadband chiedza chinobva nesimba guru uye yakakwirira bandwidth. Semuenzaniso, kana uchishandisa nguva yakareba fiber grating (LPFG) yekunzwa, sezvo bandwidth yekurasikirwa kwepamusoro peak iri mukurongeka kwe10 nm, yakafara spectrum chiedza sosi ine yakakwana bandwidth uye yakati sandara spectrum inodiwa kuti inyatso kuratidza resonant yayo. peak maitiro. Kunyanya, acoustic fiber grating (AIFG) yakagadzirwa nekushandisa acousto-optical effect inogona kuwana tuning resonant wavelength kusvika 1000 nm kuburikidza nemagetsi tuning. Naizvozvo, kuyedza kusimba kwegireti neyakakura-yakafara tuning renji inopa dambudziko rakakura kune bandwidth renji yeyakakura-spectrum chiedza sosi. Saizvozvo, mumakore achangopfuura, yakarereka Bragg fiber grating yakashandiswawo zvakanyanya mumunda wekunzwa fiber. Nekuda kweayo akawanda-peak kurasikirwa spectrum maitiro, iyo wavelength yekugovera renji inogona kazhinji kusvika 40 nm. Maitiro ayo ekunzwa anowanzo kuenzanisa mafambiro ehukama pakati peakawanda ekutapurirana peaks, saka zvinodikanwa kuyera kutapurirana kwayo zvachose. Iyo bandwidth uye simba reyakafara spectrum light source inodiwa kuti ive yakakwirira.
2. Mamiriro ekutsvaga kumba nekune dzimwe nyika
2.1 Narrow linewidth laser light source
2.1.1 Narrow linewidth semiconductor yakagovera mhinduro laser
Muna 2006, Cliche et al. yakaderedza MHz chiyero che semiconductorDFB laser(yakagoverwa mhinduro laser) kusvika kHz chiyero uchishandisa nzira yemagetsi mhinduro; Muna 2011, Kessler et al. yakashandiswa yakaderera tembiricha uye yakakwirira kugadzikana imwe kristaro mhango yakasanganiswa neinoshingaira mhinduro yekudzora kuwana Ultra-yakamanikana linewidth laser kubuda kwe40 MHz; Muna 2013, Peng et al akawana semiconductor laser output nelinewidth ye15 kHz nekushandisa nzira yekunze Fabry-Perot (FP) kugadzirisa mhinduro. Nzira yemhinduro yemagetsi inonyanya kushandisa Pond-Drever-Hall frequency stabilization mhinduro kuita kuti laser linewidth yemwenje sosi ideredzwe. Muna 2010, Bernhardi et al. yakagadzira 1 cm yeerbium-doped alumina FBG pane silicon oxide substrate kuti iwane kubuda kwelaser nehupamhi hwemutsara hunosvika 1.7 kHz. Mugore rimwe chetero, Liang et al. akashandisa iyo yekuzvibaya jekiseni mhinduro yekumashure Rayleigh kuparadzira yakaumbwa neakakwira-Q echo wall resonator ye semiconductor laser line-width compression, sezvakaratidzwa muFigure 1, uye pakupedzisira yakawana nhete mutsara-yakafara laser kubuda kwe160 Hz.
Fig. 1 (a) Dhiagiramu ye semiconductor laser linewidth compression yakavakirwa pane self-jekiseni Rayleigh kuparadzirwa kwekunze kwezevezeve gallery mode resonator;
(b) Frequency spectrum yemahara inomhanya semiconductor laser ine linewidth ye8 MHz;
(c) Frequency spectrum yelaser ine linewidth yakamanikidzwa kusvika 160 Hz
2.1.2 Narrow linewidth fiber laser
Kune mutsara cavity fiber lasers, yakamanikana mutsara wakafara laser kubuda kweimwe longitudinal modhi inowanikwa nekupfupisa kureba kweiyo resonator uye kuwedzera iyo longitudinal mode kupindirana. Muna 2004, Spiegelberg et al. yakawana imwechete longitudinal modhi yakatetepa linewidth laser kubuda ine mutsara we 2 kHz nekushandisa DBR pfupi mhango nzira. Muna 2007, Shen et al. akashandisa 2 cm zvakanyanya erbium-doped silicon faibha kunyora FBG paBi-Ge co-doped photosensitive fiber, ndokuisanganisa nefiber inoshanda kuti iite compact linear cavity, ichiita kuti mutsara wayo wekubuda welaser usasvike 1 kHz. Muna 2010, Yang et al. yakashandisa 2cm yakanyanya doped ipfupi mutsara mhango yakasanganiswa neyakamanikana FBG sefa kuti iwane imwechete longitudinal mode laser kubuda nemutsara wakafara usingasviki 2 kHz. Muna 2014, boka racho rakashandisa mutsara mupfupi wemutsara (virtual folded ring resonator) yakasanganiswa neFBG-FP sefa kuti iwane laser inobuda nehupamhi hwemutsara wakatetepa, sezvinoratidzwa mumufananidzo 3. Muna 2012, Cai et al. yakashandisa 1.4cm pfupi mhango chimiro kuwana polarizing laser kubuda nesimba rinobuda rakakura kupfuura 114 mW, yepakati wavelength ye1540.3 nm, uye mutsara wakafara we4.1 kHz. Muna 2013, Meng et al. yakashandisa Brillouin kuparadzira erbium-doped fiber ine kapfupi mhete mhango ye-full-bias kuchengetedza mudziyo kuwana single-longitudinal mode, yakaderera-phase ruzha laser kubuda nesimba rinobuda re10 mW. Muna 2015, timu yakashandisa ring cavity inoumbwa ne45 cm erbium-doped fiber seBrillouin inoparadzira kuwana yepakati kuti iwane yakaderera chikumbaridzo uye nhete mutsara wakafara laser kubuda.
Mufananidzo 2 (a) Schematic dhizaini yeSLC fiber laser;
(b) Lineshape yechiratidzo cheheterodyne yakayerwa ne97.6 km fiber kunonoka
Nguva yekutumira: Nov-20-2023